GB/T 18655- 英文版/English/翻译/车辆、船和内燃机 无线电骚扰特性 用于保护车载接收机的限值和测量方法
Vehicles, Boats and Internal Combustion Engines – Radio Disturbance Characteristics - Limits and Methods of Measurement for the Protection of On-Board Receivers
1 SCOPE
This Standard contains limits and procedures for the measurement of radio disturbances in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 2500 MHz. The standard applies to any electronic/electrical component intended for use in vehicles, trailers and devices. Refer to International Telecommunications Union (ITU) publications for details of frequency allocations. The limits are intended to provide protection for receivers installed in a vehicle from disturbances produced by components/modules in the same vehicle. The method and limits for a complete vehicle (whether connected to the power mains for charging purposes or not) are in Clause 5 and the methods and limits for components/modules are in Clause 6. Only a complete vehicle test can be used to determine the component compatibility with respect to a vehicle’s limit.
The receiver types to be protected are, for example, broadcast receivers (sound and television), land mobile radio, radio telephone, amateur, citizens radio, Satellite Navigation System (Beidou, GPS etc.), Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. For the purpose of this standard, a vehicle is a machine, which is self-propelled by an internal combustion engine, electric means, or both. Vehicles include (but are not limited to) passenger cars, trucks, agricultural tractors and snowmobiles. Annex A provides guidance in determining whether this standard is applicable to particular equipment.
This Standard does not include protection of electronic control systems from radio frequency (RF) emissions or from transient or pulse-type voltage fluctuations. These subjects are included in the publications of other standardization committees.
The limits in this standard are recommended and subject to modification as agreed between the vehicle manufacturer and the component supplier. This standard is also intended to be applied by manufacturers and suppliers of components and equipment which are to be added and connected to the vehicle harness or to an on-board power connector after delivery of the vehicle.
Since the mounting location, vehicle body construction and harness design can affect the coupling of radio disturbances to the on-board radio, Clause 6 of this standard defines multiple limit levels. The level class to be used (as a function of frequency band) is agreed upon between the vehicle manufacturer and the component supplier.
This standard defines test methods for use by vehicle manufacturers and suppliers, to assist in the design of vehicles and components and ensure controlled levels of on-board radio frequency emissions.
Vehicle test limits are provided for guidance and are based on a typical radio receiver using the antenna provided as part of the vehicle, or a test antenna if a unique antenna is not specified. The frequency bands that are defined are not applicable to all regions or countries of the world. For economic reasons, the vehicle manufacturer is free to identify what frequency bands are applicable to the radio services likely to be used in the vehicle.
As an example, many vehicle models will probably not have a television receiver installed; yet the television bands occupy a significant portion of the radio spectrum. Testing and mitigating noise sources in such vehicles is not economically justified.
The World Administrative Radio communications Conference (WARC) lower frequency limit in region 1 was reduced to 148.5 kHz in 1979. For vehicular purposes, tests at 150 kHz are considered adequate.
Annex E defines artificial networks used for the measurement of conducted disturbances and for tests on vehicles in charging mode.
Annex H defines a qualitative method of judging the degradation of radio communication in the presence of impulsive noise.
Annex I defines test methods for shielded power supply systems for high voltage networks in electric and hybrid vehicles.
Annex J defines methods for the validation of the ALSE and the reference ground plane used for component testing.
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the editions cited apply. For undated references, the latest editions of the normative document (including any amendments) apply.
GB/T 4365- Electrotechnical Terminology - Electromagnetic Compatibility (TEC 60050-161:1990+A1: 1997+A2: 1998, IDT)
GB/T 6113.104- Specification for Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring Apparatus and Methods - Part 1-4: Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring Apparatus - Ancillary Equipment - Radiated Disturbances (CISPR 16-1-4:, IDT)
GB/T 6113.203- Specification for Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring Apparatus and Methods - Part 2-3: Methods of Measurement of Disturbances and Immunity - Radiated Disturbance Measurements (CISPR 16-2-3:, IDT)
GB/T 29259- Road vehicle - Electromagnetic compatibility terminology
ISO 7637-3:, Road vehicles – Electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling – Part 3: Electrical transient transmission by capacitive and inductive coupling via lines other than supply lines
ISO 11452-4:, Road vehicles – Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy – Part 4: Harness excitation methods
CISPR 16-1-1:, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring apparatus
CISPR 16-1-2:, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Coupling devices for conducted disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-2-1:, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Conducted disturbance measurements
SAE ARP 958.1 Rev D: -02 Electromagnetic Interference Measurement Antennas; Standard Calibration Method
1 范围
标准规定了从1 50 kHz~ 2 500 MHz 频率范围内的无线电骚扰限值和试验方法。本标准适用于任何用于车辆、挂车和l装置的电子/电气零部件。本标准中频率分布的细节参考了国际电信联盟＜ ITU)出版物及在中国的实际应用情况。本标准中的限值用于保护车载接收机，使其免受同－ ti:: 内零部件/模块产生的骚扰。第5 j在提供了整车（无论连接到电网充电与否〉测量的方法和l 限值，第6 淳’提供了零部件/模块测量的方法和限值。只有根据车辆限值进行的整车试验才能被用于最终评价零部件的兼容性。
被保护的接收机类型包括： 广播接收机（声音和电视），地面移动通信，无线电话， 业余的、民用的无线电设备，卫星导航系统（北1 ~ , CPS 等） 、Wi- Fi 和蓝牙设备。本标准中的车辆是以内燃机、电力或二者共同实现自行驱动的装置。车辆包括（但不限于）乘用车、货车、农用拖拉机及雪地车。可参照附录A中的流程图判定装置或设备是否适用于本标准。
本标准不包括保护电控系统免受射频C RF）发射、瞬态或脉冲电压波动影响的内容。这些内容包括在其他标准化委员会出版物中。
标准中的限值为推荐值，在车辆制造商和零部件供应商达成一致的条件下可以更改。本标准也适用于车辆制造商、零部件和设备供应商在车辆交付使用后，附加和连接在车辆线柬或车载电i原连接锦上的零部件和设备。
由于安装位置、车身结构和线柬设讨会影H向元线电骚扰对车载接收机的桐合，第6 章定义了多种限值等级。使用的限值等级（作为频带的函数）需经车辆制造商和｜零部件供应商一致同意。
本标准定义的试验方法用于帮助车辆制造商和供应商改善整车和零部件设计，以确保车载射频发射控制在一定水平。
整车试验限值作为指导，其制定基于典型无线电接收机使用车载天线这一情况． 如果未配备该特定天线，则使用试验天线。出于经济原因，车辆制造商应自主确定哪些频段用于车内可能的无线电业务。
例如， 虽然电视波段占用了无线电频谱的一段重要部分，但是许多车型可能不会安装电视接收机，在这样的车上试验和改善该频段噪声源是不经济的。
1979 年， 世界管理元线电通信大会（ WA RC）将第一区域的低频限制到1 48 . 5 k H z o 就车辆而言，150 kHz 试验就足够了。
用于传导骚扰和车辆充电模式测量的人工网络见附录E。
存在脉冲噪声的情况下判断无线电通信降级的定性方法可参见附录H 。
电动和棍合动力车辆车内屏蔽的高压电源系统的试验方法见附录I 。
零部件试验用ALSE 的性能确认方法可参见附录J 。
