很多表示物件、身体部位、某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词也可做动词。例如:
He put his shopping on the seat behind him.他把买的东西放在身后的座位上。(名词)
He seated himself behind the desk.他在书桌后面坐下。(动词)
Put your hand up if you know the answer.知道答案就举手。(名词)
She handed me the letter.她把信交给我。(动词)
She is a qualified nurse.她是个合格的护士。(名词)
He worked in a hospital for ten years nursing cancer patients.他在一所医院里工作了十年,护理癌症病人。(动词)
What shall we have for lunch? 我们午餐吃什么?(名词)
He lunched with a client at the Ritz.他与客户在里茨饭店共进了午餐。(动词)
形容词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如:
We are hoping for better weather tomorrow.我们希望明天天气转好。(形容词)
Thousands of Victorian workers joined educational associations in an attempt to better themselves.维多利亚时代成千上万名工人加入了各种教育协会,以求上进。(动词)
Students have a free choice of courses in their final year.学生在最后一学年可以自由选修课程。(形容词)
The hijackers agreed to free a further ten hostages.劫持者已同意再释放十名人质。(动词)
The children jumped up and down to keep warm.孩子们上下跳动保持身体暖和。(形容词)
I will warm up some milk.我来热些牛奶。(动词)
(二)派生法
派生法是指在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀,从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法。
前缀
大多数情况下,前缀改变单词的意义,不改变词性。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀通常有dis-,il,im-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-等等,单词前面加这类词缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如:
appear(出现)→disappear(消失)
legal(合法的)→illegal(违法的)
possible(可能的)→impossible(不可能的)
rational(合理的)→irrational(不合理的)
report(报道)-misreport(误报)
smoker(吸烟者)→non-smoker(不吸烟者)
clear(清楚的)-unclear(不清楚的)
(2)表示其他意义的前缀。例如:
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