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深入剖析Guice(Google依赖注入框架)

时间:2019-02-10 14:07:48

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深入剖析Guice(Google依赖注入框架)

术语

Guice:整个框架的门面Injector:一个依赖的管理上下文Binder:一个接口和实现的绑定Module:一组BinderProvider:bean的提供者Key:Binder中对应一个ProviderScope:Provider的作用域Stage:运行方式(为了不同的要求)

使用示例

public class FooApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {Injector injector = Guice.createInjector(new ModuleA(),new ModuleB(),. . .new FooApplicationFlagsModule(args));// Now just bootstrap the application and you're doneFooStarter starter = injector.getInstance(FooStarter.class);starter.runApplication();}}

关于Stage以及如何选择?

stage分为三种,是三个不同场景下选择对应的值,Stage.TOOL时一些操作则不会支持,例如:java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException:Injector.injectMembers(Object) is not supported in Stage.TOOL TOOL(最小代价,有些功能会无法使用)DEVELOPMENT(快速启动,但不会做校验)PRODUCTION(异常检查与性能,启动会比较慢)

Guice.createInjector(Stage.PRODUCTION, new ModuleA());Guice.createInjector(new ModuleA());//默认DEVELOPMENT

Module(模块)

Module内利用BindingBuilder生成Binder,如何实现一个Module?

public class EventModule extends AbstractModule {@Overrideprotected void configure() {<span style="white-space:pre"></span>// 绑定接口与实现<span style="white-space:pre"></span>bind(EventBusManager.class).annotatedWith(Names.named("eventBusManager")).to(EventBusManager.class);}}

绑定时如果是实现类绑定实现类会报错,但如果加个别名的话就没问题

几种bind方式

bind(EventService.class).to(SpringEventService.class);bind(EventService.class).toInstance(new SpringEventService());bind(SpringEventService.class).asEagerSingleton();bind(EventService.class).toProvider(new Provider<EventService>(){ @Override public EventService get(){ return new SpringEventService(); }});bind(EventService.class).toConstructor((Constructor<SpringEventService>)SpringEventService.class.getConstructors()[0]);

注意:第一个直接to(implemet)的方式是getProvider时new出的Provider,第二种是用Providers.of(instance)生成的ConstantProvider

注入依赖@Inject

@Singletonpublic class MyHandler { @Inject @Named("springEventService") private EventService eventService; @Subscribe public void handleEvent(MyEvent event) {eventService.post("MyHandler",event); }}

@Inject和@Named结合使用达到按名字注入,@Inject的optional默认为false,注入时如果依赖不存在,则报错停止,当使用@Inject(optional = true)时可达到忽然依赖是否存在的效果

实例创建

FooStarter starter = injector.getInstance(FooStarter.class);

如果injector已经有则直接返回已有对象,没有则创建一个(利用依赖注入,如果没有绑定过则不会被依赖注入), 默认 prototype 模式(每次都新建一个),@Singleton可以指定singleton模式

getInstance的过程

先根据指定的class类new Key(),Key包括class信息和注解信息,class的hashcode和注解的hashcode决定了Key的hashcode,getProvider时是根据Key的hashcode来判断是否是同一个Key,然后取到Provider,由Provider提供最终的instance

注意:无注解时会有一个默认的hashcode

Key的hashcode计算公式

class.hashcode * 31 + annotation.hashcode

会出现多个组合得到的hashcode是相同的情况么?

2 * 31 + 3 = 65

1 * 31 + 34 = 65

为什么用这样的公式?(java中String是如何计算hashcode的?)

Joshua Bloch's Effective Java中是这样解释的:

The value 31 was chosen because it is an odd prime. If it were even and the multiplication overflowed, information would be lost, as multiplication by 2 is equivalent to shifting. The advantage of using a prime is less clear, but it is traditional. A nice property of 31 is that the multiplication can be replaced by a shift and a subtraction for better performance: 31 * i == (i << 5) - i. Modern VMs do this sort of optimization automatically.(from Chapter 3, Item 9: Always override hashcode when you override equals, page 48)

选择值31是因为它是奇数。 如果是偶数并且乘法溢出,则信息将丢失,因为乘以2等效于移位。 使用素数的优点不太清楚,但它是传统的。 31的一个好的属性是乘法可以由移位和减法替换以获得更好的性能:31 * i ==(i << 5) - i。 现代虚拟机自动进行这种优化。(从第3章,项9:覆盖equals时始终覆盖hashcode,第48页)

参考:

/questions/299304/why-does-javas-hashcode-in-string-use-31-as-a-multiplier

https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~adamchik/15-121/lectures/Hashing/hashing.html

Guice对于classloader的依赖有多重要?

由于一个class被加载后是否唯一由加载的classloader决定,所以不同的classloader加载同一个class会生成两个class实例(反射中一个class也会有一个实例),两个不同的class生成的Key的hashcode则不同,所以在Guice中根据Key来获取时必须要用同一个classloader加载的类,否则获取不到,所以在OSGI方式下用Guice需要注意

injector.injectMembers(instance)

Injector injectorBase = Guice.createInjector(new EventModule());Injector injector = injectorBase.createChildInjector(new SpringModule());MyHandler handler = new MyHandler();// eventService is nullinjector.injectMembers(handler);// eventService use instance

用一个已经有的实例,但依赖的对象为null,这时可以用injector注入依赖对象,但这个实例不会有绑定关系,所以如果其他有需要依赖这个实例的也无法注入这个实例

Injector继承

Injector parent = Guice.createInjector(new EventModule());Injector child = parent .createChildInjector(new SpringModule());

child 可以依赖parent ,但反过来则不可以

依赖范围

一个Injector中如果包含了多个Module,各Module中的是可以相互使用的,也就是可以相互依赖

如果一个Injector想依赖另一个Injector中的实例,那就要通过继承了,例如功能模块想要依赖基础模块,那功能模块可以继承基础模块

依赖Tree

AOP in Guice

Binder#bindInterceptor(Matcher<? super Class<?>> classMatcher, Matcher<? super Method> methodMatcher, org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor... interceptors)bindInterceptor(Matchers.any(),Matchers.annotatedWith(Named.class),new MethodInterceptor(){ @Override public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable { System.out.println("do something before...");Object result = invocation.proceed(); System.out.println("do something after..."); return result; }});

Matcher通过Matchers来生成

与spring整合

如何解决这种相互依赖?

达到的效果:

处理过程:

代码:

将spring中的bean暴露给Guice:

public class SpringModule extends AbstractModule { private ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory; public SpringModule(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory){ this.beanFactory = beanFactory; } @Override protected void configure() { bind(BeanFactory.class).toInstance(this.beanFactory); String[] names = this.beanFactory.getBeanDefinitionNames(); for (String name : names) { try {Object instance = this.beanFactory.getBean(name);Class clazz = instance.getClass();bind(clazz).toInstance(instance);Class[] intefaces = clazz.getInterfaces();for (Class inteface: intefaces) {if (!inteface.getName().contains("com.xxxxxx")) { continue;}bind(inteface).annotatedWith(Names.named(name)).toInstance(instance);}bind(clazz).annotatedWith(Names.named(name)).toInstance(instance); } catch (Exception e) { } } }}

将Guice里的beans暴露给spring:

@Componentpublic class PbfInitProcesser implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor { @Override public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException { // map injector to spring beanFactory Injector spring = Guice.createInjector(new SpringModule(beanFactory)); Injector injector = spring.createChildInjector(new ProductModule()); PbfEnvInitUtil.shareGuiceToSpring("injector", beanFactory, injector); }}

public class PbfEnvInitUtil { public static final void refresh(ApplicationContext context) { // refresh inject bean to autowire String names[] = context.getBeanDefinitionNames(); for (String name : names) { context.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().autowireBean(context.getBean(name)); } } public static void shareGuiceToSpring(String bizName, ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, Injector injector) { Map<Key<?>, Binding<?>> map = injector.getAllBindings(); Iterator<Map.Entry<Key<?>, Binding<?>>> iterator = map.entrySet().iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { Map.Entry<Key<?>, Binding<?>> entry = iterator.next(); Binding<?> binding = entry.getValue(); Object listener = binding.getProvider().get(); Annotation annotation = entry.getKey().getAnnotation(); if (null != annotation && annotation instanceof Named) {String name = ((Named)annotation).value();try {beanFactory.registerSingleton(name, listener);} catch (Exception e) {} } } beanFactory.registerSingleton(bizName, injector); }}

springboot中使用:

ApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);PbfEnvInitUtil.refresh(context);

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