9 | JMeter参数化
1 测试对象2 分析3 JMeter参数化3.1 配置元件3.2 CSV Data Set Config3.2.1 元件介绍3.2.2 界面参数 3.3 函数助手3.4 请求地址参数化3.5 HTTP请求默认值 4 实例说明4.1 实现步骤4.2 【HTTP信息头管理器】4.3 【HTTP请求默认值】4.4 创建线程组4.5 获取token,并提取4.5 关联token,获取用户列表4.6 关联token,创建用户,提取用户id4.7 关联token,根据id删除用户4.8 添加【查看结果树】 5 本文涉及到的脚本1 测试对象
我们使用禅道的创建用户接口,对创建用户的信息进行参数化;接口详情:2 分析
从接口看,我们需要参数化的有参数有account
和password
;其他的几个请求参数可以相同,不用做处理。3 JMeter参数化
3.1 配置元件
配置元件提供了参数化支持,如图: 什么是参数化?其实通俗的讲,我们在准备测试数据时,对若要求每次迭代的数据不一样时,则需进行参数化,然后从参数化的文件中来读取测试数据;这里我们参数化使用CSV Data Set Config
元件。3.2 CSV Data Set Config
3.2.1 元件介绍
该元件是用来进行参数化的,可以指定的文件中一行一行的提取文本内容;根据分隔符插接每一行内容并把内容与变量对应上;然后取样器可以引用这些变量。3.2.2 界面参数
3.3 函数助手
可以用来生成不同的数据,后续专门学习函数助手,这次暂时不看了。简单说一个场景,比如我们有多个线程组,第一个线程组是登陆获取token,第二个线程组是用户操作业务如数据查看。如果想跨线程组进行参数引用,比如第二线程组要用到第一个线程组的token,那么需要把token声明为JMeter的全局变量,那就要用到函数助手中的setProperty
进行声明全局变量,使用property
获取全局变量。
3.4 请求地址参数化
我们每个接口都有请求URL、PORT等信息,我们直接在测试计划中,把这两个参数进行设置用户变量,如下: 然后在http请求时直接使用${变量名}
进行引用或者参数化即可,如下:3.5 HTTP请求默认值
从测试过程中发现,禅道接口的请求地址是不变的,端口也是不变的,每个请求都写一遍的话,工作量比较大。JMeter提供一个【HTTP请求默认值】元件,可解决这样的问题;
按照如图添加【HTTP请求默认值】元件,这样就不用每次都写ip和端口了。
4 实例说明
4.1 实现步骤
添加【HTTP信息头管理器】;添加【HTTP请求默认值】;获取token,并进行token提取;获取用户列表信息,关联token;创建用户,关联token,参数化用户名和密码;删除某个用户,关联token。4.2 【HTTP信息头管理器】
在此之前,先在测试计划中设置一个全局变量,是接口中共有的路径,后续直接用${变量名}
引用,这个变量值为:/zentao/api.php/v1
; 设置测试计划中各线程组的请求头:这里主要是请求方式 为application/json
;4.3 【HTTP请求默认值】
在测试计划中,添加【HTTP请求默认值】,协议、ip、端口为默认请求值;4.4 创建线程组
名为“禅道接口”,其它默认;4.5 获取token,并提取
创建http请求,名为“1-获取token”,请求参数为{"account": "admin", "password": "123456"}
,如图:添加后置处理器【正则表达式提取器】,设置相关提取参数:
4.5 关联token,获取用户列表
创建http请求,名为“1-1-获取用户列表”,请求参数为{"page": 1,"limit": 20}
: 添加【HTTP信息头管理器】,关联token:4.6 关联token,创建用户,提取用户id
创建http请求,名为“2-创建用户”,请求信息{"account": "${account}", "password": "${password}", "realname": "测试用户"}
;关联token,同之前一样;添加配置元件【CSV Data Set Config】,设置相关参数如图: 参数文件内容为: 添加【JSON提取器】,提取用户id,用于后续删除用户接口引用;
4.7 关联token,根据id删除用户
token关联和之前一样。创建http请求,名为“3-删除用户”,引用id:4.8 添加【查看结果树】
添加监听元件【查看结果树】,并运行测试计划,查看运行结果:5 本文涉及到的脚本
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