300字范文 > 小白用chatgpt编写python 爬虫程序代码抓取网页数据(js动态生成网页元素)

小白用chatgpt编写python 爬虫程序代码抓取网页数据(js动态生成网页元素)

时间：2019-02-17 08:43:28

jS动态生成，由于呈现在网页上的内容是由JS生成而来，我们能够在浏览器上看得到，但是在HTML源码中却发现不了

一、注意：代码加入了常规的防爬技术

如果不加，如果网站有防爬技术，比如频繁访问，后面你会发现什么数据都取不到

1.1模拟请求头：这里入进入一步加强，随机，主要是User-Agent这个参数

User-Agent获取地方：

1.2伪造请求cookie：当然也这里可以做随机的

网页获取位置：

1.3使用代理IP(我这里没有做这个，这个网站没必要,也没深入研究)

使用代理IP解决反爬。（免费代理不靠谱，最好使用付费的。有按次数收费的，有按时长收费的，根据自身情况选择）

是什么意思呢，就是每次发送请求，让你像从不同的地域发过来的一样，第一次我的ip地址是河北，第二次是广东，第三次是美国。。。像这样：

def get_ip_pool(cnt):"""获取代理ip的函数"""url_api = '获取代理IP的API地址'try:r = requests.get(url_api)res_text = r.textres_status = r.status_codeprint('获取代理ip状态码：', res_status)print('返回内容是：', res_text)res_json = json.loads(res_text)ip_pool = random.choice(res_json['RESULT'])ip = ip_pool['ip']port = ip_pool['port']ret = str(ip) + ':' + str(port)print('获取代理ip成功 -> ', ret)return retexcept Exception as e:print('get_ip_pool except:', str(e))proxies = get_ip_pool() # 调用获取代理ip的函数requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, proxies={'HTTPS': proxies}) # 发送请求

1.4随机等待间隔访问

尽量不要用sleep(1)、sleep(3)这种整数时间的等待，一看就是机器。。

还是那句话，让爬虫程序表现地更像一个人！

time.sleep(random.uniform(0.5, 3)) # 随机等待0.5-3秒

上面4点防爬技术，不一定要全部加入，只看被爬网站是否有防爬技术，多数用到1、2点就搞定

一、例子：以抓取双色球数据为例子

官网：阳光开奖

经过排查，是通过接口获取数据再由JS来生成这部分网页元素

通过检查元素是有数据的（JS来生成这部分网页元素）

一、不过滤什么元素字段，把所有元素导出表格

# 抓取双色球历史数据# 编码：utf-8import requestsimport jsonimport randomimport timeimport pandas as pddata_list = []num_pages = 1 #抓取多少页数据# 创建一个DataFrame，用于保存到excel中for page in range(1, num_pages+1):url = 'http://www./cwl_admin/front/cwlkj/search/kjxx/findDrawNotice?name=ssq&issueCount=&issueStart=&issueEnd=&dayStart=&dayEnd=&pageSize=30&week=&systemType=PC&pageNo='url2 = url + str(page)# request header，其中最关键的一项，User-Agent，可以写个agent_list，每次请求，随机选择一个agent，像这样：agent_list = ["Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.6; en-us; Nexus S Build/GRK39F) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1","Avant Browser/1.2.789rel1 ()","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/4.0.249.0 Safari/532.5","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/5.0.310.0 Safari/532.9","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.514.0 Safari/534.7","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.601.0 Safari/534.14","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.601.0 Safari/534.14","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/11.0.672.2 Safari/534.20","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.27 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.712.0 Safari/534.27","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/13.0.782.24 Safari/535.1","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/535.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/15.0.874.120 Safari/535.2","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/16.0.912.36 Safari/535.7","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0 x64; en-US; rv:1.9pre) Gecko/072421 Minefield/3.0.2pre","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.0.10) Gecko/042316 Firefox/3.0.10"]headers = {'User-Agent': random.choice(agent_list), # 在调用的时候，随机选取一个就可以了# 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299','Referer': 'http://www./ygkj/wqkjgg/ssq/','Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate','Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7','Connection': 'keep-alive','Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1','Cookie': 'HMF_CI=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx' # 加入自己的Cookie}# 使用代理IP# proxies = {#'http': 'http://10.10.1.10:3128',#'https': 'http://10.10.1.10:1080',# }#response = requests.get(url2, headers=headers, proxies=proxies).textwbdata = requests.get(url2, headers=headers).texttime.sleep(random.uniform(0.5, 3)) # 随机等待0.5-3秒data = json.loads(wbdata) # json.loads() 方法将 JSON 数组转换为 Python 列表news = data['result']for n in news:df = pd.DataFrame(n)df.to_excel("双色球历史数据.xlsx")print('完成')

导出excel

二、只要需要的元素字段，这里比如只需要期号、红球、蓝球("code", "red", "blue")三个数据

# 抓取双色球历史数据# 编码：utf-8import requestsimport jsonimport randomimport timeimport pandas as pddata_list = []# 抓取多少页数据pageNo = 1# 页数pageSize = 30# 只需要期号、红球、蓝球("code", "red", "blue")三个数据columns = ["code", "red", "blue"]df = pd.DataFrame(columns=columns)for page in range(1, pageNo+1):url = 'http://www./cwl_admin/front/cwlkj/search/kjxx/findDrawNotice?name=ssq&issueCount=&issueStart=&issueEnd=&dayStart=&dayEnd=&pageSize=' + \str(pageSize) + '&week=&systemType=PC&pageNo='url2 = url + str(page)# request header，其中最关键的一项，User-Agent，可以写个agent_list，每次请求，随机选择一个agent，像这样：agent_list = ["Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.6; en-us; Nexus S Build/GRK39F) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1","Avant Browser/1.2.789rel1 ()","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/4.0.249.0 Safari/532.5","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/5.0.310.0 Safari/532.9","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.514.0 Safari/534.7","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.601.0 Safari/534.14","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.601.0 Safari/534.14","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/11.0.672.2 Safari/534.20","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.27 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.712.0 Safari/534.27","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/13.0.782.24 Safari/535.1","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/535.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/15.0.874.120 Safari/535.2","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/16.0.912.36 Safari/535.7","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0 x64; en-US; rv:1.9pre) Gecko/072421 Minefield/3.0.2pre","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.0.10) Gecko/042316 Firefox/3.0.10"]headers = {'User-Agent': random.choice(agent_list), # 在调用的时候，随机选取一个就可以了# 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299','Referer': 'http://www./ygkj/wqkjgg/ssq/','Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate','Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7','Connection': 'keep-alive','Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1','Cookie': 'HMF_CI=xxxxxxxxxx' # 加入自己的Cookie}# 使用代理IPwbdata = requests.get(url2, headers=headers).text# 随机等待间隔访问随机等待0.5-3秒time.sleep(random.uniform(0.5, 3))data = json.loads(wbdata)news = data['result']# 过滤不要的元素数据new_json = json.dumps([{key: x[key] for key in columns} for x in news])# 再将JSON 数组转换为 Python 列表listnew_response = json.loads(new_json)for n, arr in enumerate(new_response):index = n+(pageNo-1)*pageSize # 插入新数据时要添加索引df.loc[index] = arr # 一次插入一行数据df.to_excel("双色球历史数据2.xlsx")print('完成')

上面都是获取一个网页的数据，如果源数据网页是有分页的，那如何抓取

三、抓取多个网页数据

# 抓取双色球历史数据# 编码：utf-8import requestsimport jsonimport randomimport timeimport pandas as pddata_list = []# 抓取多少页数据pageNo = 2# 页数pageSize = 30# 只需要期号、红球、蓝球("code", "red", "blue")三个数据columns = ["code", "red", "blue"]df = pd.DataFrame(columns=columns)for page in range(1, pageNo+1):url = 'http://www./cwl_admin/front/cwlkj/search/kjxx/findDrawNotice?name=ssq&issueCount=&issueStart=&issueEnd=&dayStart=&dayEnd=&pageSize=' + \str(pageSize) + '&week=&systemType=PC&pageNo='url2 = url + str(page)# request header，其中最关键的一项，User-Agent，可以写个agent_list，每次请求，随机选择一个agent，像这样：agent_list = ["Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.6; en-us; Nexus S Build/GRK39F) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1","Avant Browser/1.2.789rel1 ()","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/4.0.249.0 Safari/532.5","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/5.0.310.0 Safari/532.9","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.514.0 Safari/534.7","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.601.0 Safari/534.14","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.601.0 Safari/534.14","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/11.0.672.2 Safari/534.20","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.27 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.712.0 Safari/534.27","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/13.0.782.24 Safari/535.1","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/535.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/15.0.874.120 Safari/535.2","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/16.0.912.36 Safari/535.7","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0 x64; en-US; rv:1.9pre) Gecko/072421 Minefield/3.0.2pre","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.0.10) Gecko/042316 Firefox/3.0.10"]headers = {'User-Agent': random.choice(agent_list), # 在调用的时候，随机选取一个就可以了# 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299','Referer': 'http://www./ygkj/wqkjgg/ssq/','Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate','Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7','Connection': 'keep-alive','Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1','Cookie': 'xxxxxxxxx' # 加入自己的Cookie}# 使用代理IPwbdata = requests.get(url2, headers=headers).text# 随机等待间隔访问随机等待0.5-3秒time.sleep(random.uniform(0.5, 3))data = json.loads(wbdata)news = data['result']# 过滤不要的元素数据new_json = json.dumps([{key: x[key] for key in columns} for x in news])# 再将JSON 数组转换为 Python 列表listnew_response = json.loads(new_json)# 把抓取每一个网页的数据加入data_list数组中(python中list) extend() 函数用于在列表末尾一次性追加另一个序列中的多个值（用新列表扩展原来的列表）不能用append()data_list.extend(new_response)print('------------1.抓取到第' + str(page) + '页数据---------------')# print(data_list)for n, arr in enumerate(data_list):df.loc[n+1] = arr # 一次插入一行数据df.to_excel("双色球历史数据.xlsx")df.head()print('数据导出导出完成:双色球历史数据.xlsx')

，如果这个编程语言完全不会，用chatgpt来写代码还是有点困难的，对于编程人员来说chatpgt就很好用

参考：

python怎样抓取js生成的页面_ITPUB博客

python抓取数据，pandas 处理并存储为excel_python pandas生成excel_格物致理，的博客-CSDN博客

【道高一尺，魔高一丈】Python爬虫之如何应对网站反爬虫策略_python应对反爬虫策略_Python程序员小泉的博客-CSDN博客

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