Oracle环境：
Oracle 11gR2 RAC
备份要求：
1、在节点1每晚定时进行全量备份，同时删除过期备份和归档日志文件；
2、本地节点1发生故障时，节点2可以接管备份操作，在节点2上生成全备。
配置步骤：
一、配置rman自动备份：
1、打开归档模式并修改归档路径：
具体步骤参考以下链接：
/xiezuoyong/article/details/82907336
归档模式配置结果如下：
2、创建本地rman备份存储目录：
mkdir /rmanbakcd /rmanbakmkdir datafilemkdir controlfilemkdir logchown -R oracle:oinstall datafilechown -R oracle:oinstall controlfilechown -R oracle:oinstall log
3、配置rman备份参数：
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/rmanbak/controlfile/%F';
4、编写脚本：
节点1：
#/bin/bashsource /home/oracle/.bash_profilebacktime=`date +%Y%m%d`rman target / log=/rmanbak/log/node1_backupall_$backtime.log <<EOFrun{ allocate channel ch1 device type disk;allocate channel ch2 device type disk;backup database format '/rmanbak/datafile/rac1_%d_%T_%U';backup archivelog all format '/rmanbak/datafile/rac1_arch_%t_%s_%c' delete input;report obsolete; delete noprompt obsolete; crosscheck backup;crosscheck archivelog all;delete noprompt expired backup;release channel ch1;release channel ch2;}EOFecho "backup complete!"scp /rmanbak/log/node1_backupall_$backtime.log oracle@rac2:/rmanbak/log/exit
节点2：
#/bin/bashsource /home/oracle/.bash_profilebacktime=`date +%Y%m%d`if [ -f /rmanbak/log/node1_backupall_$backtime.log ]thenecho "node1 backup have been success!"exitelseecho "node1 backup have been filed,start node2 backup!"firman target / log=/rmanbak/log/node2_backupall_$backtime.log <<EOFrun{ allocate channel ch1 device type disk;allocate channel ch2 device type disk;backup database format '/rmanbak/datafile/rac2_%d_%T_%U';backup archivelog all format '/rmanbak/datafile/rac2_arch_%t_%s_%c' delete input;report obsolete; delete noprompt obsolete; crosscheck backup;crosscheck archivelog all;delete noprompt expired backup;release channel ch1;release channel ch2;}EOFecho "backup complete!"exit
5、给脚本设置权限：
chown -R oracle:oinstall bak.shchmod 744 bak.sh
6、在oracle用户下添加定时任务脚本：
节点1：
su - oraclecrontab -e0 1 * * * /rmanbak/bak.sh >> /rmanbak/log/node1_rmanbak.log
节点2：
su - oraclecrontab -e0 2 * * * /rmanbak/bak.sh >> /rmanbak/log/node2_rmanbak.log
重启crond服务并设置开机自启动：
service crond restartchkconfig crond on
7、备份结果如下：
二、rman恢复过程：
1、关闭两节点的数据库：
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
2、删除一个数据文件：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> ls
CRS/
DATA/
ASMCMD> cd data
ASMCMD> ls
RACDB/
ASMCMD> cd racdb
ASMCMD> ls
CONTROLFILE/
DATAFILE/
ONLINELOG/
PARAMETERFILE/
TEMPFILE/
archivelog/
spfileracdb.ora
ASMCMD> cd datafile
ASMCMD> ls
DB_TEST.273.987873993
SYSAUX.257.987768217
SYSAUX.261.987768549
SYSTEM.260.987768549
UNDOTBS1.258.987768219
UNDOTBS1.262.987768549
UNDOTBS2.268.987768711
USERS.259.987768219
USERS.263.987768549
db_test.dbf
ASMCMD> rm -fr SYSTEM.260.987768549
ASMCMD> ls
DB_TEST.273.987873993
SYSAUX.257.987768217
SYSAUX.261.987768549
UNDOTBS1.258.987768219
UNDOTBS1.262.987768549
UNDOTBS2.268.987768711
USERS.259.987768219
USERS.263.987768549
db_test.dbf
3、启动数据库发现报错：
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2213896 bytes
Variable Size 1174407160 bytes
Database Buffers 469762048 bytes
Redo Buffers 7135232 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: '+DATA/racdb/datafile/system.260.987768549'
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
4、进入rman模式进行恢复：
[oracle@rac1 rmanbak]$ rman target/
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Oct 8 14:31:50
Copyright (c) 1982, , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: RACDB (DBID=985385379, not open)
RMAN>restore database;
Starting restore at 08-OCT- 14:31:58
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=194 instance=racdb1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to +DATA/racdb/datafile/system.260.987768549
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to +DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.262.987768549
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to +DATA/racdb/datafile/db_test.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /rmanbak/datafile/rac1_RACDB_1008_0itf5eud_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/rmanbak/datafile/rac1_RACDB_1008_0itf5eud_1_1 tag=TAG1008T142517
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to +DATA/racdb/datafile/sysaux.261.987768549
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to +DATA/racdb/datafile/users.263.987768549
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to +DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.268.987768711
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /rmanbak/datafile/rac1_RACDB_1008_0htf5eud_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/rmanbak/datafile/rac1_RACDB_1008_0htf5eud_1_1 tag=TAG1008T142517
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
Finished restore at 08-OCT- 14:32:49
RMAN>recover database;
Starting recover at 08-OCT- 14:33:35
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 32 is already on disk as file +DATA/racdb/archivelog/1_32_987768613.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 33 is already on disk as file +DATA/racdb/archivelog/1_33_987768613.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=31
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /rmanbak/datafile/rac1_arch_988986348_19_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/rmanbak/datafile/rac1_arch_988986348_19_1 tag=TAG1008T142548
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=+DATA/racdb/archivelog/1_31_987768613.dbf thread=1 sequence=31
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=2 sequence=40
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /rmanbak/datafile/rac1_arch_988986348_20_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/rmanbak/datafile/rac1_arch_988986348_20_1 tag=TAG1008T142548
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 08-OCT- 14:33:39
5、打开数据库成功：
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
6、查看数据文件已恢复：
ASMCMD> ls
DB_TEST.273.987873993
SYSAUX.257.987768217
SYSAUX.261.987768549
SYSTEM.260.988986719
UNDOTBS1.258.987768219
UNDOTBS1.262.987768549
UNDOTBS2.268.987768711
USERS.259.987768219
USERS.263.987768549
db_test.dbf
本文脚本参考以下博客：/moscot_wu/article/details/77877188
