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ORACLE 日常维护命令手册

时间：2023-06-26 04:41:35

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ORACLE 日常维护命令手册

查看数据库版本

SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;

查看数据库语言环境

SELECT USERENV('LANGUAGE') FROM DUAL;

查看ORACLE实例状态

SELECT INSTANCE_NAME,HOST_NAME,STARTUP_TIME,STATUS,DATABASE_STATUS FROM V$INSTANCE;

查看ORACLE监听状态

lsnrctl status

查看数据库归档模式

SELECT NAME,LOG_MODE,OPEN_MODE FROM V$DATABASE;

查看回收站中对象

SELECT OBJECT_NAME,ORIGINAL_NAME,TYPE FROM RECYCLEBIN;

清空回收站中对象

PURGE RECYCLEBIN;

还原回收站中的对象

FLASHBACK TABLE "BIN$GOZUQZ6GS222JZDCCTFLHQ==$0" TO BEFORE DROP RENAME TO TEST;

闪回误删除的表

FLASHBACK TABLE AAA TO BEFORE DROP;

闪回表中记录到某一时间点

ALTER TABLE TEST ENABLE ROW MOVEMENT;FLASHBACK TABLE TEST TO TIMESTAMP TO_TIMESTAMP('-10-15 21:17:47','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');

查看当前会话

SELECT SID,SERIAL#,USERNAME,PROGRAM,MACHINE,STATUS FROM V$SESSION;

查看DDL锁

SELECT *FROM DBA_DDL_LOCKSWHERE OWNER = 'FWYANG';

检查等待事件

SELECT SID, A.USERNAME, EVENT, WAIT_CLASS, T1.SQL_TEXTFROM V$SESSION A, V$SQLAREA T1WHERE WAIT_CLASS <> 'Idle'AND A.SQL_ID = T1.SQL_ID;

检查数据文件状态

SELECT FILE_NAME,STATUS FROM DBA_DATA_FILES;

检查表空间使用情况

SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空间名", D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空间大小(M)", D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空间(M)", TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100, 2), '990.99') "使用比", F.TOTAL_BYTES "空闲空间(M)", F.MAX_BYTES "最大块(M)" FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES, ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F, (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME ORDER BY 4 DESC;

收缩表空间

ALTER TABLESPCE TS_AJ_DATA COALESCE;

增加表空间大小

SELECT T.TABLESPACE_NAME, T.FILE_NAME, T.BYTES / 1024 / 1024 / 1024FROM DBA_DATA_FILES TWHERE T.TABLESPACE_NAME = 'TS_AJ_DATA';ALTER TABLESPACE TS_AJ_DATA ADD DATAFILE '/DATA/TS_AJ_DATA05_10G.DBF' SIZE 10000M AUTOEXTEND OFF;

检查不起作用的约束

SELECT OWNER, CONSTRAINT_NAME, TABLE_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE, STATUSFROM DBA_CONSTRAINTSWHERE STATUS = 'DISABLE';

检查发生坏块的数据库对象

SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, SEGMENT_TYPE, OWNER, SEGMENT_NAMEFROM DBA_EXTENTSWHERE FILE_ID = < AFN >AND < BLOCK > BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1;

检查无效的数据库对象

SELECT OWNER,OBJECT_NAME,OBJECT_TYPEFROM DBA_OBJECTSWHERE STATUS ='INVALID';

查看语句执行进度

SELECT SE.SID,OPNAME,TRUNC(SOFAR / TOTALWORK * 100, 2) || '%' AS PCT_WORK,ELAPSED_SECONDS ELAPSED,ROUND(ELAPSED_SECONDS * (TOTALWORK - SOFAR) / SOFAR) REMAIN_TIME,SQL_TEXTFROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS SL, V$SQLAREA SA, V$SESSION SEWHERE SL.SQL_HASH_VALUE = SA.HASH_VALUEAND SL.SID = SE.SIDAND SOFAR != TOTALWORKORDER BY START_TIME;

检查碎片程度高的表

SELECT SEGMENT_NAME TABLE_NAME, COUNT(*) EXTENTSFROM DBA_SEGMENTSWHERE OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAMEHAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX(COUNT(*))FROM DBA_SEGMENTSGROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME);

检查表空间的 I/O 比例

SELECT DF.TABLESPACE_NAME NAME,DF.FILE_NAME "FILE",F.PHYRDS PYR,F.PHYBLKRD PBR,F.PHYWRTSPYW,F.PHYBLKWRT PBWFROM V$FILESTAT F, DBA_DATA_FILES DFWHERE F.FILE# = DF.FILE_IDORDER BY DF.TABLESPACE_NAME;

检查碎片程度高的表

SELECT segment_name table_name, COUNT(*) extentsFROM dba_segmentsWHERE owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')GROUP BY segment_nameHAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX(COUNT(*))FROM dba_segmentsGROUP BY segment_name);

检查文件系统的 I/O 比例

SELECT SUBSTR(A.FILE#, 1, 2) "#",SUBSTR(A.NAME, 1, 30) "NAME",A.STATUS,A.BYTES,B.PHYRDS,B.PHYWRTSFROM V$DATAFILE A, V$FILESTAT BWHERE A.FILE# = B.FILE#;

检查消耗CPU最高的进程

SELECT P.PID PID,S.SID SID,P.SPID SPID,S.USERNAME USERNAME,S.OSUSER OSNAME,P.SERIAL# S_#,P.TERMINAL,P.PROGRAM PROGRAM,P.BACKGROUND,S.STATUS,RTRIM(SUBSTR(A.SQL_TEXT, 1, 80)) SQLFROMFROM V$PROCESS P, V$SESSION S, V$SQLAREA AWHERE P.ADDR = S.PADDRAND S.SQL_ADDRESS = A.ADDRESS(+)AND P.SERIAL# <> '1';

检查运行很久的SQL

SELECT USERNAME,SID,OPNAME,ROUND(SOFAR * 100 / TOTALWORK, 0) || '%' AS PROGRESS,TIME_REMAINING,SQL_TEXTFROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS, V$SQLWHERE TIME_REMAINING <> 0AND SQL_ADDRESS = ADDRESSAND SQL_HASH_VALUE = HASH_VALUE;

等待时间最多的5个系统等待事件的获取

SELECT *FROM (SELECT *FROM V$SYSTEM_EVENTWHERE EVENT NOT LIKE 'SQL%'ORDER BY TOTAL_WAITS DESC)WHERE ROWNUM <= 5;

查找前十条性能差的SQL

SELECT *FROM (SELECT PARSING_USER_ID EXECUTIONS,SORTS,COMMAND_TYPE,DISK_READS,SQL_TEXTFROM V$SQLAREAORDER BY DISK_READS DESC)WHERE ROWNUM < 10;

检查死锁

SELECT bs.username "Blocking User", bs.username "DB User",ws.username "Waiting User", bs.SID "SID", ws.SID "WSID",bs.serial# "Serial#", bs.sql_address "address",bs.sql_hash_value "Sql hash", bs.program "Blocking App",ws.program "Waiting App", bs.machine "Blocking Machine",ws.machine "Waiting Machine", bs.osuser "Blocking OS User",ws.osuser "Waiting OS User", bs.serial# "Serial#",ws.serial# "WSerial#",DECODE (wk.TYPE,'MR', 'Media Recovery','RT', 'Redo Thread','UN', 'USER Name','TX', 'Transaction','TM', 'DML','UL', 'PL/SQL USER LOCK','DX', 'Distributed Xaction','CF', 'Control FILE','IS', 'Instance State','FS', 'FILE SET','IR', 'Instance Recovery','ST', 'Disk SPACE Transaction','TS', 'Temp Segment','IV', 'Library Cache Invalidation','LS', 'LOG START OR Switch','RW', 'ROW Wait','SQ', 'Sequence Number','TE', 'Extend TABLE','TT', 'Temp TABLE',wk.TYPE) lock_type,DECODE (hk.lmode,0, 'None',1, 'NULL',2, 'ROW-S (SS)',3, 'ROW-X (SX)',4, 'SHARE',5, 'S/ROW-X (SSX)',6, 'EXCLUSIVE',TO_CHAR (hk.lmode)) mode_held,DECODE (wk.request,0, 'None',1, 'NULL',2, 'ROW-S (SS)',3, 'ROW-X (SX)',4, 'SHARE',5, 'S/ROW-X (SSX)',6, 'EXCLUSIVE',TO_CHAR (wk.request)) mode_requested,TO_CHAR (hk.id1) lock_id1, TO_CHAR (hk.id2) lock_id2,DECODE(hk.BLOCK,0, 'NOT Blocking', /**//* Not blocking any other processes */1, 'Blocking', /**//* This lock blocks other processes */2, 'Global',/**//* This lock is global, so we can't tell */TO_CHAR (hk.BLOCK)) blocking_othersFROM v$lock hk, v$session bs, v$lock wk, v$session wsWHERE hk.BLOCK = 1AND hk.lmode != 0AND hk.lmode != 1AND wk.request != 0AND wk.TYPE(+) = hk.TYPEAND wk.id1(+) = hk.id1AND wk.id2(+) = hk.id2AND hk.SID = bs.SID(+)AND wk.SID = ws.SID(+)AND (bs.username IS NOT NULL)AND (bs.username <> 'SYSTEM')AND (bs.username <> 'SYS')ORDER BY 1;