物联网开发笔记（58）- 使用Micropython开发ESP32开发板之控制2.90寸电子墨水屏模块黑白套件

一、目的

这一节我们学习如何使用我们的ESP32开发板来控制2.90寸电子墨水屏模块（黑白套件）。

二、环境

ESP32 + 2.90寸 电子墨水屏模块 + Thonny IDE + 几根杜邦线

接线方法：

三、墨水屏驱动

此处注意注意：不同的型号、不同厂家的墨水屏驱动方式有些不同，一定要联系卖家。这里分享一下墨水屏驱动。

1、老版本墨水屏驱动：

"""MicroPython Waveshare 4.2" Black/White GDEW042T2 e-paper display driver/mcauser/micropython-waveshare-epaperMIT LicenseCopyright (c) WaveshareCopyright (c) Mike CauserPermission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copyof this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to dealin the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rightsto use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sellcopies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software isfurnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in allcopies or substantial portions of the Software.THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS ORIMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THEAUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHERLIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THESOFTWARE."""from micropython import constfrom time import sleep_msimport ustruct# Display resolutionEPD_WIDTH = const(296)EPD_HEIGHT = const(128)# Display commandsPANEL_SETTING = const(0x00)POWER_SETTING = const(0x01)POWER_OFF = const(0x02)#POWER_OFF_SEQUENCE_SETTING= const(0x03)POWER_ON = const(0x04)#POWER_ON_MEASURE= const(0x05)BOOSTER_SOFT_START = const(0x06)DEEP_SLEEP = const(0x07)DATA_START_TRANSMISSION_1= const(0x10)#DATA_STOP = const(0x11)DISPLAY_REFRESH= const(0x12)DATA_START_TRANSMISSION_2= const(0x13)LUT_FOR_VCOM = const(0x20)LUT_WHITE_TO_WHITE = const(0x21)LUT_BLACK_TO_WHITE = const(0x22)LUT_WHITE_TO_BLACK = const(0x23)LUT_BLACK_TO_BLACK = const(0x24)PLL_CONTROL= const(0x30)#TEMPERATURE_SENSOR_COMMAND= const(0x40)#TEMPERATURE_SENSOR_SELECTION = const(0x41)#TEMPERATURE_SENSOR_WRITE = const(0x42)#TEMPERATURE_SENSOR_READ = const(0x43)VCOM_AND_DATA_INTERVAL_SETTING = const(0x50)#LOW_POWER_DETECTION = const(0x51)#TCON_SETTING = const(0x60)TCON_RESOLUTION = const(0x61)RESOLUTION_SETTING = const(0x61)#GSST_SETTING = const(0x65)#GET_STATUS = const(0x71)#AUTO_MEASUREMENT_VCOM= const(0x80)#READ_VCOM_VALUE= const(0x81)VCM_DC_SETTING = const(0x82)#PARTIAL_WINDOW = const(0x90)#PARTIAL_IN = const(0x91)#PARTIAL_OUT= const(0x92)#PROGRAM_MODE = const(0xA0)#ACTIVE_PROGRAMMING = const(0xA1)#READ_OTP = const(0xA2)#POWER_SAVING = const(0xE3)BUSY = const(0) # 0=busy, 1=idleclass EPD:# 44/42 bytes (look up tables)LUT_VCOM0 = bytearray(b'\x00\x17\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x17\x17\x00\x00\x02\x00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x01\x00\x0E\x0E\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')LUT_WW = bytearray(b'\x40\x17\x00\x00\x00\x02\x90\x17\x17\x00\x00\x02\x40\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x01\xA0\x0E\x0E\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')LUT_BW = LUT_WWLUT_BB = bytearray(b'\x80\x17\x00\x00\x00\x02\x90\x17\x17\x00\x00\x02\x80\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x01\x50\x0E\x0E\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')LUT_WB = LUT_BBdef __init__(self, spi, cs, dc, rst, busy):self.spi = spiself.cs = csself.dc = dcself.rst = rstself.busy = busyself.cs.init(self.cs.OUT, value=1)self.dc.init(self.dc.OUT, value=0)self.rst.init(self.rst.OUT, value=0)self.busy.init(self.busy.IN)self.width = EPD_WIDTHself.height = EPD_HEIGHTdef _command(self, command, data=None):self.dc(0)self.cs(0)self.spi.write(bytearray([command]))self.cs(1)if data is not None:self._data(data)def _data(self, data):self.dc(1)self.cs(0)self.spi.write(data)self.cs(1)def init(self):self.reset()self._command(POWER_SETTING, b'\x03\x00\x2B\x2B\xFF') # VDS_EN VDG_EN, VCOM_HV VGHL_LV[1] VGHL_LV[0], VDH, VDL, VDHR# self._command(POWER_SETTING, b'\x03\x00\x2B\x2B\x29')self._command(BOOSTER_SOFT_START, b'\x17\x17\x17') # 07 0f 17 1f 27 2F 37 2fself._command(POWER_ON)self.wait_until_idle()self._command(PANEL_SETTING, b'\xBF\x0B') # KW-BF KWR-AF BWROTP 0f# self._command(PANEL_SETTING, b'\xCF')self._command(VCOM_AND_DATA_INTERVAL_SETTING, b'\x17')self._command(PLL_CONTROL, b'\x3C') # 3A 100HZ 29 150Hz 39 200HZ 31 171HZ# self._command(PLL_CONTROL, b'\x39')# self._command(TCON_RESOLUTION, bytearray([self.width, self.height>>8, self.height]))# self._command(VCM_DC_SETTING, b'\x0E')def wait_until_idle(self):while self.busy.value() == BUSY:sleep_ms(10)def reset(self):self.rst(0)sleep_ms(20)self.rst(1)sleep_ms(20)def set_lut(self):self._command(LUT_FOR_VCOM, self.LUT_VCOM0) # vcomself._command(LUT_WHITE_TO_WHITE, self.LUT_WW) # ww --self._command(LUT_BLACK_TO_WHITE, self.LUT_BW) # bw rself._command(LUT_WHITE_TO_BLACK, self.LUT_BB) # wb wself._command(LUT_BLACK_TO_BLACK, self.LUT_WB) # bb b# draw the current frame memorydef display_frame(self, frame_buffer):self._command(RESOLUTION_SETTING, ustruct.pack(">HH", EPD_WIDTH, EPD_HEIGHT))self._command(VCM_DC_SETTING, b'\x12')self._command(VCOM_AND_DATA_INTERVAL_SETTING)self._command(0x97) # VBDF 17|D7 VBDW 97 VBDB 57 VBDF F7 VBDW 77 VBDB 37 VBDR B7# TODO should ^ this be _data(0x97), not sure what it doesif frame_buffer:"""self._command(DATA_START_TRANSMISSION_1)for i in range(0, self.width * self.height // 8):self._data(bytearray([0xFF])) # bit set: white, bit reset: blacksleep_ms(2)"""self._command(DATA_START_TRANSMISSION_2)sleep_ms(2)print("self.width * self.height // 8 =====", self.width * self.height // 8)for i in range(0, self.width * self.height // 8):# print(">>>>>i=", i, "<<<<<<111 ")self._data(bytearray([frame_buffer[i]]))# print(">>>>>i=", i, "<<<<<<111222222222")sleep_ms(2)self.set_lut()self._command(DISPLAY_REFRESH)sleep_ms(10)self.wait_until_idle()

2、新版本墨水屏驱动：

"""日期：9月27日说明：1. 此版本对应于2.9寸墨水屏，且是从8月份更新后的版本，之前的老版本墨水屏不通用2. 【10月1日】更新：修复文字显示相反的bug"""from time import sleep_ms# Display resolutionEPD_WIDTH = 296EPD_HEIGHT = 128class EPD:def __init__(self, spi, cs, dc, rst, busy):self.spi = spiself.cs = csself.dc = dcself.rst = rstself.busy = busyself.cs.init(self.cs.OUT, value=1)self.dc.init(self.dc.OUT, value=0)self.rst.init(self.rst.OUT, value=0)self.busy.init(self.busy.IN)self.width = EPD_WIDTHself.height = EPD_HEIGHTdef _command(self, command, data=None):sleep_ms(1)self.dc(0)self.cs(0)print("command=", command)try:self.spi.write(bytearray([command]))except:self.spi.write(command)self.cs(1)if data is not None:self._data(data)def _data(self, data):sleep_ms(1)self.cs(0)self.dc(1)self.spi.write(data)self.cs(1)def init(self):self.reset()self.wait_until_idle()self._command(b'\x12')self.wait_until_idle()self._command(b'\x01') # Driver output controlself._data(b'\x27')self._data(b'\x01')self._data(b'\x00')self._command(b'\x11') # data entry mode self._data(b'\x03') # 这里影响内容镜像self._command(b'\x44') # set Ram-X address start/end position self._data(b'\x00') # X起始点为0（1个字节）self._data(b'\x0F') # X终止点为（1个字节）0x0F-->(15+1)*8=128self._command(b'\x45') # set Ram-Y address start/end positionself._data(b'\x00') # Y设置起始点为 0（2个字节）self._data(b'\x00') self._data(b'\x27') # 终止点为（2个字节）：0x0127-->(295+1)=296self._data(b'\x01')self._command(b'\x3C') # BorderWavefromself._data(b'\x05') self._command(b'\x21') # Display update controlself._data(b'\x00') self._data(b'\x80')self._command(b'\x18') # Read built-in temperature sensorself._data(b'\x80') self._command(b'\x4E') # set RAM x address count to 0self._data(b'\x00')self._command(b'\x4F') # set RAM y address count to 0X199 self._data(b'\x27')self._data(b'\x01')self.wait_until_idle()def wait_until_idle(self):while True:if self.busy.value() == 0: # 1 busy breaksleep_ms(10)def reset(self):self.rst(0)sleep_ms(10)self.rst(1)sleep_ms(10)def display_frame(self, frame_buffer):self._command(b'\x24')if frame_buffer:print("self.width * self.height // 8 =====", self.width * self.height // 8)for i in range(0, self.width * self.height // 8):# print(">>>>>i=", i, "<<<<<<111 ")self._data(bytearray([frame_buffer[i]]))# print(">>>>>i=", i, "<<<<<<111222222222")sleep_ms(1)self.epd_udpate()def epd_udpate(self):self._command(b'\x22') # Display Update Controlself._data(b'\xF7') self._command(b'\x20') # Activate Display Update Sequenceself.wait_until_idle()

五、墨水屏显示图片

1、准备图片。制作1个296x128像素的图片，图片的格式必须是jpg格式。

2，使用工具image2lcd转变图片为程序格式。工具从百度自行下载，或者从文末下载。

程序会保存为一个.C的文件，我们打开文件，复制里面的十六进制数据：

3，打开Thonny IDE，新建一个Python文件，命名为image_array.py，把上一步的十六进制数据粘贴在代码里面：

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4、测试程序。在新建一个文件，命名为test.py，代码如下：

from machine import Pin, SPIimport framebufimport epaper# 1. 创建对应的引脚miso = Pin(19)mosi = Pin(23)sck = Pin(18)cs = Pin(33)dc = Pin(32)rst = Pin(19)busy = Pin(35)spi = SPI(2, baudrate=10000000, polarity=0, phase=0, sck=sck, miso=miso, mosi=mosi)# 2. 创建墨水屏驱动对象e = epaper.EPD(spi, cs, dc, rst, busy)e.init()# 3. 定义要显示的内容宽度高度w = 296h = 128# 4. 创建需要的对象buf = bytearray(w * h // 8) # 296 * 128 // 8 = 4736fb = framebuf.FrameBuffer(buf, h, w, framebuf.MONO_HLSB)def show_black_white():black = 0white = 1fb.fill(white)# fb.fill(black)e.display_frame(buf)def show_image():from image_array import image_array# 注意：实际的图片多大这里就写多大，例如实际的图片是118x296，那么就将下面的128改为118fbImage = framebuf.FrameBuffer(image_array, 128, 296, framebuf.MONO_HLSB)fb.blit(fbImage, 0, 0)e.display_frame(buf)if __name__ == "__main__":# show_black_white()show_image()

代码运行效果如下：

六、墨水屏显示文字

上面我们显示图片时的test.py中使用了framebuf库，原来的这个库不能调整显示文字的方向。我们更新下这个库，使用它可以4个方向任意调整和可以放大字体。字体库在文末下载。

newframebuf.py

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: <text> Kattni Rembor, Melissa LeBlanc-Williams# and Tony DiCola, for Adafruit Industries.# Original file created by Damien P. George </text>## SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT"""`adafruit_framebuf`====================================================CircuitPython pure-python framebuf module, based on the micropython framebuf module.Implementation Notes--------------------**Hardware:*** `Adafruit SSD1306 OLED displays </?q=ssd1306>`_**Software and Dependencies:*** Adafruit CircuitPython firmware for the supported boards:/adafruit/circuitpython/releases"""__version__ = "0.0.0-auto.0"__repo__ = "/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_framebuf.git"import osimport struct# Framebuf format constants:MVLSB = 0 # Single bit displays (like SSD1306 OLED)RGB565 = 1 # 16-bit color displaysGS4_HMSB = 2 # Unimplemented!MHMSB = 3 # Single bit displays like the Sharp MemoryRGB888 = 4 # Neopixels and Dotstarsclass MHMSBFormat:"""MHMSBFormat"""@staticmethoddef set_pixel(framebuf, x, y, color):"""Set a given pixel to a color."""index = (y * framebuf.stride + x) // 8offset = 7 - x & 0x07framebuf.buf[index] = (framebuf.buf[index] & ~(0x01 << offset)) | ((color != 0) << offset)@staticmethoddef get_pixel(framebuf, x, y):"""Get the color of a given pixel"""index = (y * framebuf.stride + x) // 8offset = 7 - x & 0x07return (framebuf.buf[index] >> offset) & 0x01@staticmethoddef fill(framebuf, color):"""completely fill/clear the buffer with a color"""if color:fill = 0xFFelse:fill = 0x00for i in range(len(framebuf.buf)): # pylint: disable=consider-using-enumerateframebuf.buf[i] = fill@staticmethoddef fill_rect(framebuf, x, y, width, height, color):"""Draw a rectangle at the given location, size and color. The ``fill_rect`` method drawsboth the outline and interior."""# pylint: disable=too-many-argumentsfor _x in range(x, x + width):offset = 7 - _x & 0x07for _y in range(y, y + height):index = (_y * framebuf.stride + _x) // 8framebuf.buf[index] = (framebuf.buf[index] & ~(0x01 << offset)) | ((color != 0) << offset)class MVLSBFormat:"""MVLSBFormat"""@staticmethoddef set_pixel(framebuf, x, y, color):"""Set a given pixel to a color."""index = (y >> 3) * framebuf.stride + xoffset = y & 0x07framebuf.buf[index] = (framebuf.buf[index] & ~(0x01 << offset)) | ((color != 0) << offset)@staticmethoddef get_pixel(framebuf, x, y):"""Get the color of a given pixel"""index = (y >> 3) * framebuf.stride + xoffset = y & 0x07return (framebuf.buf[index] >> offset) & 0x01@staticmethoddef fill(framebuf, color):"""completely fill/clear the buffer with a color"""if color:fill = 0xFFelse:fill = 0x00for i in range(len(framebuf.buf)): # pylint: disable=consider-using-enumerateframebuf.buf[i] = fill@staticmethoddef fill_rect(framebuf, x, y, width, height, color):"""Draw a rectangle at the given location, size and color. The ``fill_rect`` method drawsboth the outline and interior."""# pylint: disable=too-many-argumentswhile height > 0:index = (y >> 3) * framebuf.stride + xoffset = y & 0x07for w_w in range(width):framebuf.buf[index + w_w] = (framebuf.buf[index + w_w] & ~(0x01 << offset)) | ((color != 0) << offset)y += 1height -= 1class RGB888Format:"""RGB888Format"""@staticmethoddef set_pixel(framebuf, x, y, color):"""Set a given pixel to a color."""index = (y * framebuf.stride + x) * 3if isinstance(color, tuple):framebuf.buf[index : index + 3] = bytes(color)else:framebuf.buf[index : index + 3] = bytes(((color >> 16) & 255, (color >> 8) & 255, color & 255))@staticmethoddef get_pixel(framebuf, x, y):"""Get the color of a given pixel"""index = (y * framebuf.stride + x) * 3return ((framebuf.buf[index] << 16)| (framebuf.buf[index + 1] << 8)| framebuf.buf[index + 2])@staticmethoddef fill(framebuf, color):"""completely fill/clear the buffer with a color"""fill = (color >> 16) & 255, (color >> 8) & 255, color & 255for i in range(0, len(framebuf.buf), 3):framebuf.buf[i : i + 3] = bytes(fill)@staticmethoddef fill_rect(framebuf, x, y, width, height, color):"""Draw a rectangle at the given location, size and color. The ``fill_rect`` method drawsboth the outline and interior."""# pylint: disable=too-many-argumentsfill = (color >> 16) & 255, (color >> 8) & 255, color & 255for _x in range(x, x + width):for _y in range(y, y + height):index = (_y * framebuf.stride + _x) * 3framebuf.buf[index : index + 3] = bytes(fill)class FrameBuffer:"""FrameBuffer object.:param buf: An object with a buffer protocol which must be large enough to contain everypixel defined by the width, height and format of the FrameBuffer.:param width: The width of the FrameBuffer in pixel:param height: The height of the FrameBuffer in pixel:param buf_format: Specifies the type of pixel used in the FrameBuffer; permissible valuesare listed under Constants below. These set the number of bits used toencode a color value and the layout of these bits in ``buf``. Where acolor value c is passed to a method, c is a small integer with an encodingthat is dependent on the format of the FrameBuffer.:param stride: The number of pixels between each horizontal line of pixels in theFrameBuffer. This defaults to ``width`` but may need adjustments whenimplementing a FrameBuffer within another larger FrameBuffer or screen. The``buf`` size must accommodate an increased step size."""def __init__(self, buf, width, height, buf_format=MVLSB, stride=None):# pylint: disable=too-many-argumentsself.buf = bufself.width = widthself.height = heightself.stride = strideself._font = Noneif self.stride is None:self.stride = widthif buf_format == MVLSB:self.format = MVLSBFormat()elif buf_format == MHMSB:self.format = MHMSBFormat()elif buf_format == RGB888:self.format = RGB888Format()else:raise ValueError("invalid format")self._rotation = 0@propertydef rotation(self):"""The rotation setting of the display, can be one of (0, 1, 2, 3)"""return self._rotation@rotation.setterdef rotation(self, val):if not val in (0, 1, 2, 3):raise RuntimeError("Bad rotation setting")self._rotation = valdef fill(self, color):"""Fill the entire FrameBuffer with the specified color."""self.format.fill(self, color)def fill_rect(self, x, y, width, height, color):"""Draw a rectangle at the given location, size and color. The ``fill_rect`` method drawsboth the outline and interior."""# pylint: disable=too-many-arguments, too-many-boolean-expressionsself.rect(x, y, width, height, color, fill=True)def pixel(self, x, y, color=None):"""If ``color`` is not given, get the color value of the specified pixel. If ``color`` isgiven, set the specified pixel to the given color."""if self.rotation == 1:x, y = y, xx = self.width - x - 1if self.rotation == 2:x = self.width - x - 1y = self.height - y - 1if self.rotation == 3:x, y = y, xy = self.height - y - 1if x < 0 or x >= self.width or y < 0 or y >= self.height:return Noneif color is None:return self.format.get_pixel(self, x, y)self.format.set_pixel(self, x, y, color)return Nonedef hline(self, x, y, width, color):"""Draw a horizontal line up to a given length."""self.rect(x, y, width, 1, color, fill=True)def vline(self, x, y, height, color):"""Draw a vertical line up to a given length."""self.rect(x, y, 1, height, color, fill=True)def circle(self, center_x, center_y, radius, color):"""Draw a circle at the given midpoint location, radius and color.The ```circle``` method draws only a 1 pixel outline."""x = radius - 1y = 0d_x = 1d_y = 1err = d_x - (radius << 1)while x >= y:self.pixel(center_x + x, center_y + y, color)self.pixel(center_x + y, center_y + x, color)self.pixel(center_x - y, center_y + x, color)self.pixel(center_x - x, center_y + y, color)self.pixel(center_x - x, center_y - y, color)self.pixel(center_x - y, center_y - x, color)self.pixel(center_x + y, center_y - x, color)self.pixel(center_x + x, center_y - y, color)if err <= 0:y += 1err += d_yd_y += 2if err > 0:x -= 1d_x += 2err += d_x - (radius << 1)def rect(self, x, y, width, height, color, *, fill=False):"""Draw a rectangle at the given location, size and color. The ```rect``` method draws onlya 1 pixel outline."""# pylint: disable=too-many-argumentsif self.rotation == 1:x, y = y, xwidth, height = height, widthx = self.width - x - widthif self.rotation == 2:x = self.width - x - widthy = self.height - y - heightif self.rotation == 3:x, y = y, xwidth, height = height, widthy = self.height - y - height# pylint: disable=too-many-boolean-expressionsif (width < 1or height < 1or (x + width) <= 0or (y + height) <= 0or y >= self.heightor x >= self.width):returnx_end = min(self.width - 1, x + width - 1)y_end = min(self.height - 1, y + height - 1)x = max(x, 0)y = max(y, 0)if fill:self.format.fill_rect(self, x, y, x_end - x + 1, y_end - y + 1, color)else:self.format.fill_rect(self, x, y, x_end - x + 1, 1, color)self.format.fill_rect(self, x, y, 1, y_end - y + 1, color)self.format.fill_rect(self, x, y_end, x_end - x + 1, 1, color)self.format.fill_rect(self, x_end, y, 1, y_end - y + 1, color)def line(self, x_0, y_0, x_1, y_1, color):# pylint: disable=too-many-arguments"""Bresenham's line algorithm"""d_x = abs(x_1 - x_0)d_y = abs(y_1 - y_0)x, y = x_0, y_0s_x = -1 if x_0 > x_1 else 1s_y = -1 if y_0 > y_1 else 1if d_x > d_y:err = d_x / 2.0while x != x_1:self.pixel(x, y, color)err -= d_yif err < 0:y += s_yerr += d_xx += s_xelse:err = d_y / 2.0while y != y_1:self.pixel(x, y, color)err -= d_xif err < 0:x += s_xerr += d_yy += s_yself.pixel(x, y, color)def blit(self):"""blit is not yet implemented"""raise NotImplementedError()def scroll(self, delta_x, delta_y):"""shifts framebuf in x and y direction"""if delta_x < 0:shift_x = 0xend = self.width + delta_xdt_x = 1else:shift_x = self.width - 1xend = delta_x - 1dt_x = -1if delta_y < 0:y = 0yend = self.height + delta_ydt_y = 1else:y = self.height - 1yend = delta_y - 1dt_y = -1while y != yend:x = shift_xwhile x != xend:self.format.set_pixel(self, x, y, self.format.get_pixel(self, x - delta_x, y - delta_y))x += dt_xy += dt_y# pylint: disable=too-many-argumentsdef text(self, string, x, y, color, *, font_name="font5x8.bin", size=1):"""Place text on the screen in variables sizes. Breaks on \n to next line.Does not break on line going off screen."""# determine our effective width/height, taking rotation into accountframe_width = self.widthframe_height = self.heightif self.rotation in (1, 3):frame_width, frame_height = frame_height, frame_widthfor chunk in string.split("\n"):if not self._font or self._font.font_name != font_name:# load the font!self._font = BitmapFont(font_name)width = self._font.font_widthheight = self._font.font_heightfor i, char in enumerate(chunk):char_x = x + (i * (width + 1)) * sizeif (char_x + (width * size) > 0and char_x < frame_widthand y + (height * size) > 0and y < frame_height):self._font.draw_char(char, char_x, y, self, color, size=size)y += height * size# pylint: enable=too-many-argumentsdef image(self, img):"""Set buffer to value of Python Imaging Library image. The image shouldbe in 1 bit mode and a size equal to the display size."""# determine our effective width/height, taking rotation into accountwidth = self.widthheight = self.heightif self.rotation in (1, 3):width, height = height, widthif isinstance(self.format, RGB888Format) and img.mode != "RGB":raise ValueError("Image must be in mode RGB.")if isinstance(self.format, (MHMSBFormat, MVLSBFormat)) and img.mode != "1":raise ValueError("Image must be in mode 1.")imwidth, imheight = img.sizeif imwidth != width or imheight != height:raise ValueError("Image must be same dimensions as display ({0}x{1}).".format(width, height))# Grab all the pixels from the image, faster than getpixel.pixels = img.load()# Clear bufferfor i in range(len(self.buf)): # pylint: disable=consider-using-enumerateself.buf[i] = 0# Iterate through the pixelsfor x in range(width): # yes this double loop is slow,for y in range(height): # but these displays are small!if img.mode == "RGB":self.pixel(x, y, pixels[(x, y)])elif pixels[(x, y)]:self.pixel(x, y, 1) # only write if pixel is true# MicroPython basic bitmap font renderer.# Author: Tony DiCola# License: MIT License (/licenses/MIT)class BitmapFont:"""A helper class to read binary font tiles and 'seek' through them as afile to display in a framebuffer. We use file access so we dont waste 1KBof RAM on a font!"""def __init__(self, font_name="font5x8.bin"):# Specify the drawing area width and height, and the pixel function to# call when drawing pixels (should take an x and y param at least).# Optionally specify font_name to override the font file to use (default# is font5x8.bin). The font format is a binary file with the following# format:# - 1 unsigned byte: font character width in pixels# - 1 unsigned byte: font character height in pixels# - x bytes: font data, in ASCII order covering all 255 characters.# Each character should have a byte for each pixel column of# data (i.e. a 5x8 font has 5 bytes per character).self.font_name = font_name# Open the font file and grab the character width and height values.# Note that only fonts up to 8 pixels tall are currently supported.try:self._font = open( # pylint: disable=consider-using-withself.font_name, "rb")self.font_width, self.font_height = struct.unpack("BB", self._font.read(2))# simple font file validation check based on expected file sizeif 2 + 256 * self.font_width != os.stat(font_name)[6]:raise RuntimeError("Invalid font file: " + font_name)except OSError:print("Could not find font file", font_name)raiseexcept OverflowError:# os.stat can throw this on boards without long int support# just hope the font file is valid and press onpassdef deinit(self):"""Close the font file as cleanup."""self._font.close()def __enter__(self):"""Initialize/open the font file"""self.__init__()return selfdef __exit__(self, exception_type, exception_value, traceback):"""cleanup on exit"""self.deinit()def draw_char(self, char, x, y, framebuffer, color, size=1): # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments"""Draw one character at position (x,y) to a framebuffer in a given color"""size = max(size, 1)# Don't draw the character if it will be clipped off the visible area.# if x < -self.font_width or x >= framebuffer.width or \# y < -self.font_height or y >= framebuffer.height:# return# Go through each column of the character.for char_x in range(self.font_width):# Grab the byte for the current column of font data.self._font.seek(2 + (ord(char) * self.font_width) + char_x)try:line = struct.unpack("B", self._font.read(1))[0]except RuntimeError:continue # maybe character isnt there? go to next# Go through each row in the column byte.for char_y in range(self.font_height):# Draw a pixel for each bit that's flipped on.if (line >> char_y) & 0x1:framebuffer.fill_rect(x + char_x * size, y + char_y * size, size, size, color)def width(self, text):"""Return the pixel width of the specified text message."""return len(text) * (self.font_width + 1)class FrameBuffer1(FrameBuffer): # pylint: disable=abstract-method"""FrameBuffer1 object. Inherits from FrameBuffer."""pass

我们来测试下，新建一个文件test1.py

from machine import Pin, SPIimport newframebufimport timeimport epaperdef show_text():black = 0white = 1fb.fill(white)fb.text('Welcome to China!', 20, 10, black, size=2)"""e.display_frame(buf)time.sleep(0.5)fb.pixel(30, 10, black)e.display_frame(buf)time.sleep(0.5)fb.hline(30, 30, 10, black)e.display_frame(buf)time.sleep(0.5)fb.vline(30, 50, 10, black)fb.line(30, 70, 40, 80, black)fb.rect(30, 90, 10, 10, black)fb.fill_rect(30, 110, 10, 10, black)for row in range(0,36):fb.text(str(row), 0, row*8, black)fb.text('Line 36', 0, 268, black)"""e.display_frame(buf)if __name__ == "__main__":# 1. 创建对应的引脚miso = Pin(19)mosi = Pin(23)sck = Pin(18)cs = Pin(33)dc = Pin(32)rst = Pin(19)busy = Pin(35)spi = SPI(2, baudrate=10000000, polarity=0, phase=0, sck=sck, miso=miso, mosi=mosi)# 2. 创建墨水屏驱动对象e = epaper.EPD(spi, cs, dc, rst, busy)e.init()# 3. 定义要显示的内容宽度高度w = 296h = 128# 4. 创建需要的对象buf = bytearray(w * h // 8) # 296 * 128 // 8 = 4736fb = newframebuf.FrameBuffer(buf, h, w, newframebuf.MHMSB)fb.rotation = 3 # 调整显示的方向，可以在0/1/2/3之间选择# 5. 显示文字show_text()

显示文字演示效果：

七、墨水屏连接WIFI显示日历加图片

我们上面讲解了图片和文字的显示，下面我们将他们结合起来做。

1，图片制作

百度搜索一个你想要的图片，使用截图软件Snipaste进行截图，保存为jpg格式。

然后转化为十六进制

创建一个新的image_array.py文件

# 128 x 296image_array = 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创键新的test2.py文件

from machine import Pin, SPI, RTCimport newframebufimport framebufimport timeimport epaperimport ntptimeimport network# 记录上次矩形的左上角last_rect_x = 0last_rect_y = 0# 记录上次显示的所有数字左上角last_number_x_y = []def get_week_with_data(y,m,d):'''根据年月日计算星期几'''y = y - 1 if m == 1 or m == 2 else ym = 13 if m == 1 else (14 if m == 2 else m)w = (d + 2 * m + 3 * (m + 1) // 5 + y + y // 4 - y // 100 + y // 400) % 7 + 1return wdef is_leap_year(y):if y%400==0 or (y%4==0 and y%100!=0):return Truereturn Falsedef get_days_in_month(y,m):if m in [1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12]:return 31elif m in [4, 6, 9, 11]:return 30else:return 29 if is_leap_year(y) else 28def connect_wifi(wifi, password):wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)wlan.active(True)if not wlan.isconnected():wlan.connect(wifi, password)def ntp():# 链接互联网connect_wifi("名字", "密码") # WIFI名字密码time.sleep(2)ntptime.host=""ntptime.NTP_DELTA = 3155644800 # 东八区 UTC+8偏移时间（秒）try:ntptime.settime()print("联网成功...")except Exception as e:passdef show_text(year, month, day):global last_rect_x, last_rect_y, last_number_x_y# 清空上次显示的数字for content, x, y in last_number_x_y:fb.text(content, x, y, white)# 清空列表last_number_x_y = []# 1.提示用户输入年月year = yearmouth = month# 2.计算这个月有多少天days = get_days_in_month(year, mouth)# 3.按照指定格式显示日期print('一 二 三 四 五 六 日')fb.text(' Mon Tus Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun', 0, 15, black)content = '-' * 30print(content)# fb.text(content, 0, 30, black)fb.hline(0, 30, 180, black)content = ""row = 3today_row = 0today_col = 0for i in range(1, days + 1):w = get_week_with_data(year, mouth, i)if i == 1:content = content + ' ' * (w-1)# print(content, end="*")else:if w == 1:print(content)fb.text(content, 0, row * 15 - 5, black)last_number_x_y.append([content, 0, row * 15 - 5])row += 1content = ""content = content + f" {i:2d}"if i == day:today_row = rowtoday_col = wif content:print(content)fb.text(content, 0, row * 15 - 5, black)last_number_x_y.append([content, 0, row * 15 - 5])rect_x = (today_col - 1) * 24 + 5rect_y = today_row * 15 - 8if last_rect_x != 0 and last_rect_y != 0:print("last_rect_x=%d, last_rect_y=%d" % (last_rect_x, last_rect_y))fb.rect(last_rect_x, last_rect_y, 22, 14, white)last_rect_x, last_rect_y = rect_x, rect_yfb.rect(rect_x, rect_y, 22, 14, black)# fb.text('hello World', 0, 0, black, size=2)e.display_frame(buf) # 刷新显示if __name__ == "__main__":# 1. 创建对应的引脚miso = Pin(19)mosi = Pin(23)sck = Pin(18)cs = Pin(33)dc = Pin(32)rst = Pin(19)busy = Pin(35)spi = SPI(2, baudrate=10000000, polarity=0, phase=0, sck=sck, miso=miso, mosi=mosi)# 2. 创建墨水屏驱动对象e = epaper.EPD(spi, cs, dc, rst, busy)e.init()# 3. 导入需要的背景图from image_array import image_array# 4. 定义要显示的内容宽度高度w = 296h = 128# 注意：实际的图片多大这里就写多大buf = image_array# buf = bytearray(w * h // 8) # 296 * 128 // 8 = 4736 空白black = 0white = 1# 5. 以背景图为基础创建缓存区fb = newframebuf.FrameBuffer(buf, h, w, newframebuf.MHMSB)# fb.fill(white) # 清空内容fb.rotation = 3 # 调整显示的方向，可以在0/1/2/3之间选择# 6. 联网 便于获取互联网时间rtc = RTC()ntp()# 7. 显示文字date = rtc.datetime()show_text(date[0], date[1], date[2]) # 年月日

演示效果

八、资料下载

本文代码，图片，工具比较多，我一起打包放在了下面链接：

链接: /s/1hvjEXYPzAbvRjqcZ1epEKA 提取码: 2rvi 复制这段内容后打开百度网盘手机App，操作更方便哦

五、购买

某宝链接如下：

/item.htm?spm=a1z09.2.0.0.5ca42e8doe2jPd&id=627397618004&_u=9p01rch2819

2.9寸墨水屏资料链接：/s/1IZYnwmiBnMc2tnWwtxhslQ

提取码：8888