记录：325
场景：在CentOS 7.9操作系统上，使用lsblk命令查看磁盘大小和磁盘挂载情况；使用df查看文件系统大小和挂载情况；使用du命令查看文件夹(目录)大小；使用ll和ls查看文件大小。
版本：
操作系统：CentOS 7.9
1.lsblk常用命令
(1)帮助命令
命令：lsblk --help
功能：查看lsblk支持全部命令和选项，在实际工作中，查看这个手册应该是必备之选。
(2)查看磁盘大小
命令：lsblk
命令：lsblk -a
功能：查看挂载磁盘信息，磁盘名称、大小、挂载目录等。
(2)查看磁盘文件系统信息
命令：lsblk -f
功能：查看挂载磁盘信息，磁盘名称、文件系统类型、UUID、挂载目录等。
2.df常用命令
(1)帮助命令
命令：df --help
功能：查看df支持全部命令和选项，在实际工作中，查看这个手册应该是必备之选。
(2)查看文件系统大小
命令：df -h
功能：查看文件系统信息，文件系统总容量、已用容量、可用容量、挂载目录等。
3.du常用命令
(1)帮助命令
命令：du --help
功能：查看du支持全部命令和选项，在实际工作中，查看这个手册应该是必备之选。
(2)查看文件夹(目录)大小
命令：du -h
功能：查看文件夹(目录)大小。
4.ll常用命令
(1)帮助命令
命令：ll --help
功能：查看ll支持全部命令和选项，在实际工作中，查看这个手册应该是必备之选。
(2)查看文件夹(目录)大小
命令：ll -h
功能：查看文件大小。
5.ls常用命令
(1)帮助命令
命令：ls --help
功能：查看ls支持全部命令和选项，在实际工作中，查看这个手册应该是必备之选。
(2)查看文件夹(目录)大小
命令：ls -lh
功能：查看文件大小。
6.命令和选项
6.1 lsblk命令
执行命令：lsblk --help，查看详细帮助手册。
Usage:lsblk [options] [<device> ...]Options:-a, --all print all devices-b, --bytesprint SIZE in bytes rather than in human readable format-d, --nodeps don't print slaves or holders-D, --discard print discard capabilities-e, --exclude <list> exclude devices by major number (default: RAM disks)-I, --include <list> show only devices with specified major numbers-f, --fs output info about filesystems-h, --help usage information (this)-i, --asciiuse ascii characters only-m, --permsoutput info about permissions-l, --list use list format output-n, --noheadingsdon't print headings-o, --output <list> output columns-p, --pathsprint complate device path-P, --pairsuse key="value" output format-r, --raw use raw output format-s, --inverse inverse dependencies-t, --topology output info about topology-S, --scsi output info about SCSI devices-h, --helpdisplay this help and exit-V, --version output version information and exitAvailable columns (for --output):NAME device nameKNAME internal kernel device nameMAJ:MIN major:minor device numberFSTYPE filesystem typeMOUNTPOINT where the device is mountedLABEL filesystem LABELUUID filesystem UUIDPARTLABEL partition LABELPARTUUID partition UUIDRA read-ahead of the deviceRO read-only deviceRM removable deviceMODEL device identifierSERIAL disk serial numberSIZE size of the deviceSTATE state of the deviceOWNER user nameGROUP group nameMODE device node permissionsALIGNMENT alignment offsetMIN-IO minimum I/O sizeOPT-IO optimal I/O sizePHY-SEC physical sector sizeLOG-SEC logical sector sizeROTA rotational deviceSCHED I/O scheduler nameRQ-SIZE request queue sizeTYPE device typeDISC-ALN discard alignment offsetDISC-GRAN discard granularityDISC-MAX discard max bytesDISC-ZERO discard zeroes dataWSAME write same max bytesWWN unique storage identifierRAND adds randomnessPKNAME internal parent kernel device nameHCTL Host:Channel:Target:Lun for SCSITRAN device transport typeREV device revisionVENDOR device vendorFor more details see lsblk(8).
6.2 df命令
执行命令：df --help，查看详细帮助手册。
Usage: df [OPTION]... [FILE]...Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,or all file systems by default.Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.-a, --all include pseudo, duplicate, inaccessible file systems-B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,'-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes;see SIZE format below--directshow statistics for a file instead of mount point--total produce a grand total-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)-H, --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024-i, --inodeslist inode information instead of block usage-klike --block-size=1K-l, --local limit listing to local file systems--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)--output[=FIELD_LIST] use the output format defined by FIELD_LIST,or print all fields if FIELD_LIST is omitted.-P, --portabilityuse the POSIX output format--sync invoke sync before getting usage info-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE-T, --print-typeprint file system type-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE-v(ignored)--helpdisplay this help and exit--version output version information and exitDisplay values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,and the DF_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Unitsare K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).FIELD_LIST is a comma-separated list of columns to be included. Validfield names are: 'source', 'fstype', 'itotal', 'iused', 'iavail', 'ipcent','size', 'used', 'avail', 'pcent', 'file' and 'target' (see info page).GNU coreutils online help: </software/coreutils/>For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'df invocation'
6.3 du命令
执行命令：du --help，查看详细帮助手册。
Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...or: du [OPTION]... --files0-from=FSummarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; althoughthe apparent size is usually smaller, it may belarger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internalfragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like-B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,'-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes;see SIZE format below-b, --bytes equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'-c, --total produce a grand total-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on thecommand line-d, --max-depth=Nprint the total for a directory (or file, with --all)only if it is N or fewer levels below the commandline argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as--summarize--files0-from=F summarize disk usage of theNUL-terminated file names specified in file F;if F is -, then read names from standard input-Hequivalent to --dereference-args (-D)-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)--inodeslist inode usage information instead of block usage-klike --block-size=1K-L, --dereferencedereference all symbolic links-l, --count-linkscount sizes many times if hard linked-mlike --block-size=1M-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)-S, --separate-dirs for directories do not include size of subdirectories--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument-t, --threshold=SIZE exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive,or entries greater than SIZE if negative--time show time of the last modification of any file in thedirectory, or any of its subdirectories--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:atime, access, use, ctime or status--time-style=STYLE show times using STYLE, which can be:full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT;FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE--exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN-x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems--helpdisplay this help and exit--version output version information and exitDisplay values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Unitsare K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).GNU coreutils online help: </software/coreutils/>For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'du invocation'
6.4 ll命令
执行命令：ll --help，查看详细帮助手册。
Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.-a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .-A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..--authorwith -l, print the author of each file-b, --escapeprint C-style escapes for nongraphic characters--block-size=SIZEscale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,'--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~-cwith -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of lastmodification of file status information);with -l: show ctime and sort by name;otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first-Clist entries by columns--color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'never', 'auto',or 'always' (the default); more info below-d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents-D, --diredgenerate output designed for Emacs' dired mode-fdo not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries--file-type likewise, except do not append '*'--format=WORDacross -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso-glike -l, but do not list owner--group-directories-firstgroup directories before files;can be augmented with a --sort option, but anyuse of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names-h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024-H, --dereference-command-linefollow symbolic links listed on the command line--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dirfollow each command line symbolic linkthat points to a directory--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN(overridden by -a or -A)--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:none (default), slash (-p),file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)-i, --inodeprint the index number of each file-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN-k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage-luse a long listing format-L, --dereferencewhen showing file information for a symboliclink, show information for the file the linkreferences rather than for the link itself-mfill width with a comma separated list of entries-n, --numeric-uid-gidlike -l, but list numeric user and group IDs-N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. controlcharacters specially)-olike -l, but do not list group information-p, --indicator-style=slashappend / indicator to directories-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters--show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape-r, --reverse reverse order while sorting-R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively-s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks-Ssort by file size--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of defaultmodification time: atime or access or use (-u)ctime or status (-c); also use specified timeas sort key if --sort=time--time-style=STYLEwith -l, show times using style STYLE:full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT;FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'; if FORMATis FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 appliesto non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLEtakes effect only outside the POSIX locale-tsort by modification time, newest first-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8-uwith -lt: sort by, and show, access time;with -l: show access time and sort by name;otherwise: sort by access time-Udo not sort; list entries in directory order-vnatural sort of (version) numbers within text-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value-xlist entries by lines instead of by columns-Xsort alphabetically by entry extension-1list one file per lineSELinux options:--lcontext Display security context. Enable -l. Lineswill probably be too wide for most displays.-Z, --context Display security context so it fits on mostdisplays. Displays only mode, user, group,security context and file name.--scontext Display only security context and file name.--helpdisplay this help and exit--version output version information and exitSIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Unitsare K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default andwith --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only whenstandard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environmentvariable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.Exit status:0 if OK,1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).GNU coreutils online help: </software/coreutils/>For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'ls invocation'
6.5 ls命令
执行命令：ls --help，查看详细帮助手册。
Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.-a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .-A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..--authorwith -l, print the author of each file-b, --escapeprint C-style escapes for nongraphic characters--block-size=SIZEscale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,'--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~-cwith -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of lastmodification of file status information);with -l: show ctime and sort by name;otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first-Clist entries by columns--color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'never', 'auto',or 'always' (the default); more info below-d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents-D, --diredgenerate output designed for Emacs' dired mode-fdo not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries--file-type likewise, except do not append '*'--format=WORDacross -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso-glike -l, but do not list owner--group-directories-firstgroup directories before files;can be augmented with a --sort option, but anyuse of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names-h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024-H, --dereference-command-linefollow symbolic links listed on the command line--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dirfollow each command line symbolic linkthat points to a directory--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN(overridden by -a or -A)--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:none (default), slash (-p),file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)-i, --inodeprint the index number of each file-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN-k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage-luse a long listing format-L, --dereferencewhen showing file information for a symboliclink, show information for the file the linkreferences rather than for the link itself-mfill width with a comma separated list of entries-n, --numeric-uid-gidlike -l, but list numeric user and group IDs-N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. controlcharacters specially)-olike -l, but do not list group information-p, --indicator-style=slashappend / indicator to directories-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters--show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape-r, --reverse reverse order while sorting-R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively-s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks-Ssort by file size--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of defaultmodification time: atime or access or use (-u)ctime or status (-c); also use specified timeas sort key if --sort=time--time-style=STYLEwith -l, show times using style STYLE:full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT;FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'; if FORMATis FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 appliesto non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLEtakes effect only outside the POSIX locale-tsort by modification time, newest first-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8-uwith -lt: sort by, and show, access time;with -l: show access time and sort by name;otherwise: sort by access time-Udo not sort; list entries in directory order-vnatural sort of (version) numbers within text-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value-xlist entries by lines instead of by columns-Xsort alphabetically by entry extension-1list one file per lineSELinux options:--lcontext Display security context. Enable -l. Lineswill probably be too wide for most displays.-Z, --context Display security context so it fits on mostdisplays. Displays only mode, user, group,security context and file name.--scontext Display only security context and file name.--helpdisplay this help and exit--version output version information and exitSIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Unitsare K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default andwith --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only whenstandard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environmentvariable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.Exit status:0 if OK,1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).GNU coreutils online help: </software/coreutils/>For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'ls invocation'
以上，感谢。
11月21日
