前先后后搭建了两三个星期，终于能够告一段落，nginx实在是有点强大。写一篇笔记来记录一下这个过程当中的思路和解决方案。html
一.搭建nginx平台：
基本是基于/xiaoliouc/article/details/8363984一步步安装nginx搭建流媒体服务器 这篇博客来搭建。
个人ubuntu是14.04LTS。各类包的版本是：
nginx-1.9.9
nginx_mod_h264_streaming-2.2.7.tar.gz
openssl-0.9.8zh.tar.gz
pcre-8.12.tar.gz
zlib-1.2.7.tar.gz
为了支持rtmp，还下载了一个模块nginx-rtmp-module-master，没有版本的区别。
在安装过程当中的注意事项：
1.上述无非是./configure make make install.
2.记住若是要修改nginx的./configure的话只用make无需install由于不是覆盖安装。
3.要在sbin的目录下检查./nginx -V 才能看到nginx的配置。
4.nginx在make的时候注意把objs里面的Makefile的权限改为a+w，而且将-Werror删掉，这样就不会把warning当作error来对待。修改makefile是在configure以后make以前。
二.测试http、rtmp、hls的功能
1.配置文件(仅支持http和rtmp)
user www www; ##管理用户
worker_processes 30; ##后台进程
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log;
##nginx错误日志存放路径
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
##轮训方式
worker_connections 65535;
##容许的最大链接数
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1000;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_types text/plain;
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.16.69;
#root html;
root /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
#charset koi8-r;
limit_rate_after 5m;
limit_rate 512k;
index index.html;
charset utf-8;
# access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/host.access.log main;
# location / {
# root /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
# index index.html;
# limit_rate_after 5m;
# limit_rate 512k;
#error_page 404 /404.html;
location ~ \.flv$ {
# root /var/www/flv;
flv;
}
location ~ \.mp4$ {
# root /var/www/mp4;
mp4;
}
}
}
rtmp {
server {
listen 1935;
chunk_size 4000;
# video on demand
application vod {
play /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
}
# HLS
# HLS requires libavformat & should be configured as a separate
# NGINX module in addition to nginx-rtmp-module:
# ./configure … –add-module=/path/to/nginx-rtmp-module/hls …
# For HLS to work please create a directory in tmpfs (/tmp/app here)
# for the fragments. The directory contents is served via HTTP (see
# http{} section in config)
#
# Incoming stream must be in H264/AAC/MP3. For iPhones use baseline #H264
# profile (see ffmpeg example).
# This example creates RTMP stream from movie ready for HLS:
#
# ffmpeg -loglevel verbose -re -i movie.avi -vcodec libx264
# -vprofile baseline -acodec libmp3lame -ar 44100 -ac 1
# -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/hls/movie
#
# If you need to transcode live stream use ‘exec’ feature.
#
application hls {
hls on;
hls_path /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
hls_fragment 10s;
}
}
}
2.配置文件(可支持http，rtmp，hls)
#filename:nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024;
}
rtmp {
server {
listen 1935;
chunk_size 4000;
# video on demand
application vod {
play /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
}
# HLS
# HLS requires libavformat & should be configured as a separate
# NGINX module in addition to nginx-rtmp-module:
# ./configure … –add-module=/path/to/nginx-rtmp-module/hls …
# For HLS to work please create a directory in tmpfs (/tmp/app here)
# for the fragments. The directory contents is served via HTTP (see
# http{} section in config)
#
# Incoming stream must be in H264/AAC/MP3. For iPhones use baseline #H264
# profile (see ffmpeg example).
# This example creates RTMP stream from movie ready for HLS:
#
# ffmpeg -loglevel verbose -re -i movie.avi -vcodec libx264
# -vprofile baseline -acodec libmp3lame -ar 44100 -ac 1
# -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/hls/movie
#
# If you need to transcode live stream use ‘exec’ feature.
#
application hls {
hls on;
hls_path /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
hls_fragment 10s;
}
}
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
#log format
log_format access ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘
‘”$http_user_agent” $http_x_forwarded_for’;
#定义一个名为addr的limit_zone,大小10M内存来存储session
limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=addr:10m;
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
# HTTP can be used for accessing RTMP stats
# This URL provides RTMP statistics in XML
location /stat {
rtmp_stat all;
rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
}
location /stat.xsl {
root /home/nairely/Documents/nginxserver/nginx-rtmp-module-master;
}
location /control {
rtmp_control all;
}
location / {
root /home/nairely/Documents/nginxserver/nginx-rtmp-module-master/test/rtmp-publisher;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
index index.html;
}
location ~ \.flv$ {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
flv;
limit_conn addr 20;
limit_rate 200k;
}
location ~ \.mp4$ {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
mp4;
limit_conn addr 20;
limit_rate 200k;
}
location /hls {
# Serve HLS fragments
alias /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
}
access_log logs/nginxflv_access.log access;
}
}nginx
3.若是视频不能播放颇有多是权限的问题，设置成644.root(read and write),group(read only)user(read only)
4.nginx做为一个后台服务器，用户从html/flv_file的文件夹中取出视频用户点播。测试的播放器用的是vlc。
http的地址是http://192.168.16.46/yequ.flv
rtmp的地址是rtmp://192.168.16.46:1935/vod/yequ.flv
hls的地址是http://192.168.16.46/hls/sample.m3u8(在segment命令将output的URL设置为http://192.168.16.46/hls)将sample.m3u8文件放在html/flv_file文件夹下，固然这取决与segment语句在哪一个地址下进行。
5.如何启动nginx：
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx -t 检查配置文件的语法问题
若是发现配置文件的路径不对
./nginx -c 路径
./nginx -s reload从新加载配置文件
killall -9 nginx 杀掉全部进程从头开始，若是遇到端口被占用的问题的话。
./nginx 启动，注意在杀掉进程以后必定要从新启动。
service nginx start
三.配置hls+ffmpeg的环境
在配置http和rtmp都比较简单。在搭建nginx平台的前提下就能够实现点播。配置hls出现的问题都比较简单。只是会花一段时间。
主要的配置仍是根据这篇来的/blog/b/31519/基于HTTP Live Streaming(HLS) 搭建在线点播系统
这些包实在太多了，我简直属于无聊的阶段。
1.faac的编译问题
/link?url=ASyVwiBE-01ox_O0QascgPdqNNRlXpHCfI6cXyg71JIboOK5MTj3NLfHUPC31HH5b0FiE3tbWUetUfKL29HAzzXu4q0p75Iveu05HPp_ST3
2.在编译ffmpeg的时候发现x264notfound的解决方法
在x264的./configure --enable-static --enable-shared --enable-visualize --system-libx264 --enable-gprof --enable-strip --enable-pic --enable-debug
就是把因此的开关都打开。这简直是误打误撞。
3.
m3u8configure的时候老是会遇到error的问题，能够看到这些错误都是什么东西过期的啥的，直接换ffmpeg。换ffmpeg版本到最新。ffmpeg-2.8.4
git clone /johnf/m3u8-segmenter
cd m3u8-segmenter
而后configure的时候
gcc -Wall -g m3u8-segmenter.c -o segmenter -lavformat -lavcodec -lavutil
cp segmenter /usr/bin/
在html/flv_file路径下
ffmpeg -i /var/flvs/baluobu.flv -f mpegts -acodec libmp3lame -ar 48000 -ab 128k -vcodec libx264 -b 96k -flags +loop -cmp +chroma -partitions +parti4x4+partp8x8+partb8x8 -subq 5 -trellis 1 -refs 1 -coder 0 -me_range 16 -keyint_min 25 -sc_threshold 40 -i_qfactor 0.71 -bt 200k -maxrate 96k -bufsize 96k -rc_eq 'blurCplx^(1-qComp)' -qcomp 0.6 -qmin 10 -qmax 51 -qdiff 4 -level 30 -aspect 320:240 -g 30 -async 2 /var/app/baluobu/baluobu.ts
上述是把flv文件转换成ts文件
下面用segmenter命令将ts转换成10秒一个ts切片，segmenter_test是ts小切片的前缀,-u制定URL地址。
segmenter -i vp5.ts -d 10 -p segmenter_test -m vp5.m3u8 -u
http://192.168.16.46/hls/
在segmenter的时候有一个红色的ignore，以前一直认为是一个error，我去才发现是一个不用管的东西，而后在vlc上用http://192.168.16.46/hls/vp5.m3u8放，其实相似一个直播的功能，播完了就没有ts文件了。
再来一次测试就得再来一遍ffmpeg和segmenter.
总结到这儿。
