一般来说,在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它通常跟在某些名词之后,用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有:advice,decision,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,promise,proposal,reply,report,suggestion,word(消息),problem,question,doubt,thought等。例如:
Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.
当听到他们队获胜的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。
WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你从哪儿听说我不能来?
有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如:
ThethoughtcametohimthatTommighthavereturnedthebook.
他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了。
(二)引导词
[寻规找矩]请仔细观察下列句子,注意从句引导词的用法。
1.ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.
2.Hehasn tmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothere.
3.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.
4.Ihavenoideawhattheboyisdoinginthenextroomnow.
5.Wehaven tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacationthisyear.
6.IhavenoideahowIcangettotherailwaystation.
7.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
[小结归纳]
①that引导同位语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,但通常不可以省略,如句1;
②whether引导同位语从句时意为 是否 ,通常不能用if来代替,如句2;
③连接代词who,what等可以引导同位语从句,如句3,4;
④连接副词where,how,when等可以引导同位语从句,如句5,6,7。
(三)that引导的同位语从句和定语从句
①意义不同:同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;而定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词。试比较:
1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.
2.Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.
[分析]句1中that引导同位语从句,说明 news 的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利。
句2中that引导定语从句,对 news 加以限定:是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道。
②that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句时,不仅起连接作用,而且还指代先行词并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。试比较:
1.DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeaCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.
2.Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.
[分析]句1中that引导同位语从句,其中that无词义,也不充当任何成分;
句2中that引导定语从句,that指代promise,又在从句中充当主语,且that可以用which替换。
③可否省略:that在引导同位语从句时,通常不可省略。在引导定语从句时,若在从句中作宾语,通常可以省略,若作主语则不可以省略。
[即学即用]
I.请用适当的词填空,使下列句子意思完整。
1.Theyexpressedthehope_______theywouldcomeovertoChinasoon.
2.Thefact_______hedidn tseeTomthismorningistrue.
3.Wordhascome_______someAmericanguestswillcometoourcollegeforavisitnextweek.
4.Hecan tanswerthequestion_______hegotthemoneyfromhishomeyesterday.
5.Doyouhaveanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?
6.Theproblem_______weshouldhavethemeetinginthehallnowmustbedecidedatonce.
II.下列各句中均有一处错误,请改正。
1.Ourteamhaswonthegame,thatmadeusveryhappy.
2.I vecomewithamessagefromMrWanghowhewon tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.
3.Hemustanswerthequestionifheagreeswithwhatshesaidornot.
4.I vereadthebookwhereyougavemethedaybeforeyesterday.
5.Oneofthemenheldthepinionwhenwhatthebooksaidwasright.
III.把下列句子翻译成英语。
1.我向他许诺说我一到北京就给他写信。
2.他经常问我这个问题,那就是这个工作是否值得做。
3.他什么也不说,这一事实使大家都感到惊奇。
4.在我看来,他刚才告诉我的这个消息是真实的。
5.他突然想起他本来应该去接儿子的。
Key:
I.1.that2.that3.that4.how5.what
6.whether
II.1that which2.how that3.if whether
4.where that/which或省略where
5.when that6.that how
III.1.ImadeapromisethatIwouldwritetohimassoonasIgottoBeijing.
2.Heoftenaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.
3.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.
4.Inmyopinion,thenews(that/which)hetoldmejustnowistrue.
5.Athoughtsuddenlycametohimthatheshouldhavepickeduphisson.
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