非谓语动词在句子中不做谓语,但一般还是保留了动词的特征。
它们往往会涉及到主动语态还是被动语态的问题。
今天和大家一起学习学习非谓语动词里的动词不定式to do的主动结构和被动结构的应用。
理论上很简单,主动被动主要看to do里的动词在句中的逻辑关系:
主动用to do:
有逻辑主语出现,肯定不会出错:
Ilike to watch movies alone.
我喜欢一个人去看电影。
We must carefully observe to understand.
我们必须仔细观察才能理解。
Ican’t wait to see.
我等不及要看了。
Hebought some flowers to give to his wife.
他买了些花给妻子。
没有逻辑主语出现,也一定能理解是主动关系:
To swim alone in the river may be dangerous.
独自在河里游泳很危险。
What is important is to maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly.
重要的是保持健康的饮食和经常锻炼。
This is the best time to practice.
这是练习的最佳时机。
被动用to be done:
一般肯定出现逻辑上的动宾关系,名词是承受者。
Many farm houses have been pulled down to enable thesehighways to be built.
许多农舍已被拆除,以保证公路的修建。
In the area of higher education, muchstill remains to be done.
在高等教育领域,仍有许多工作要做。
Much workstill needs to be done to avoid the species dying out.
为了避免这种物种灭绝,还有很多工作要做。
According to media reports, the study was expected to be finishedin early .
据媒体报道,这项研究预计将于初完成。
The dogwas nowhere to be found.
那条狗不见了。
Anyway, their effortshave to be respected.
无论如何,他们的努力必须得到尊重。
但在某些情况下,用to do还是to be done,意思相似,请大家细心体会差异:
I took my own load of clothesto be washed.
我把自己的一堆脏衣服拿去洗。
(洗衣店,洗衣机洗,反正不是自己洗)
I have some jeans to wash.
我有一些牛仔裤要洗。(我自己洗)
There is nothing to do.
无事可做。
There is nothing to be done.
没有办法。
There is a lot of work to do/to be done.
有许多工作要做。
(强调人有许多工作要做,用to do;强调工作量大,用to be done.)
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