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经济学人是如何精读“洪水肆虐 防汛形势严峻”的?

时间:2021-03-27 18:31:59

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经济学人是如何精读“洪水肆虐 防汛形势严峻”的?

5月底以来,南方地区发生了今年以来强度最大、范围最广、持续时间最长的降雨过程,防汛形势严峻。最新一期经济学人上有一篇文章对此进行了报道,文章标题是Central and southern China arebeing ravaged by floods。

be ravaged by floods表示“洪水肆虐”,它的同义表达是being devastated by floods。

▲图片来源于网络

洪水过后大量街道、建筑物被淹,今天“高斋外刊双语精读”带大家一起来看看经济学人是如何进行场景描写的,这部分篇幅不长,带点文学意味。

经济学人原文:On a spit of land near the riverbank stood a cluster of trees, their trunks half-submerged. A wooden boardwalk leading out to a fishing pier remained only just above the murky water.

高斋参考译文:河岸附近的岬角上树木丛生,树干的一半淹没在水中;一条通往渔港码头的木栈道稍稍露出浑浊的水面。

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第一句:On a spit of land near the riverbank stood a cluster of trees, their trunks half-submerged.

河岸附近的岬角上树木丛生,树干的一半淹没在水中;

1. 语法分析:On a spit of land near the riverbank stood a cluster of trees是典型的倒装句,地点状语On a spit of land near the riverbank前置,整个句子完全倒装。

这种结构在文学翻译中较为常见,倒装是为了强调,也为了结构清晰。常见的还有there stood ...举两个例子:

A. 《射雕英雄传》英译本(郝玉青译):

江畔一排数十株乌桕树,叶子似火烧般红,正是八月天时。

On the shores there stood thirty or so tallow trees, leaves red like fire, yet another sign that it was now August.

B. 鲁迅《秋夜》(毛荣贵译):

在我的后园,可以看见墙外有两株树,一株是枣树,还有一株也是枣树。

In our backyard, there stood two Chinese jujubes.

有时候直接删去there,直接介词开头全部倒装,比如我最近在看的费孝通《乡土中国》中就有这样一句:

从土里长出过光荣的历史,自然也会受到土的束缚。

To be sure, out of the soil has grown a glorious history, but it is a history that was naturaly limited by what could be taken from the soil.

还比如高斋翻硕班我讲文学翻译的时候有碰到这句:

原文:沿着荷塘是一条曲折的小煤屑路。《荷塘月色》

朱纯深译本:Alongside the Lotus Pond runs a small cinder footpath.

今天这句On a spit of land near the riverbank stood a cluster of trees就是介词开头全部倒装,正常语序是a cluster of trees stood on a spit of land near the riverbank stood.

2. 固定表达:a spit of land是一个固定表达,它的英文释义是A spit of land is a long, flat, narrow piece of landthat sticks out into the sea/ocean, a lake, etc.表示岬角,海岬,即向海突出的夹角状的陆地,常常横在河口湾口上,如下图所示:

▲图片来源于网络

还有个形似的表达a ribbon of land,这个在CATTI三笔真题中见过:

Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall.

3. a cluster of:意思是“一群;一簇;一批;一片”,表示“许多”的含义,比如“出现了一大批高科技初创企业”就可以说A cluster of high-tech start-ups has appeared. 如下图经济学人这句:

文学翻译中也经常用到这个表达,比如茅盾《雾》(张培基译):

就只最西的一峰戴着一簇房子,其余的仅只有树。

The westernmost one had on top a cluster of houses while the rest were topped by nothing but trees.

4. 一词多义:trunk美[trk]这个词可以表示“象鼻”,可以表示“行李箱;大的旅行箱”,汽车的后备箱就可以用trunk表示,我们生活中常说“打开汽车后备箱”英文就是open the trunk。

trunk在这里表示“树干”。如“松树的树干”就可以说the trunk of a pine tree。

5. 语法分析:their trunks half-submerged是独立主格结构,逻辑主语是their trunks,their指代trees’,half-submerged表状态。

高斋CATTI和MTI翻译课程里也讲过很多类似句型,如这句:

A staff dormitory just beyond its gates is empty, its entrance sealed with barbed wire.

距离厂门仅一步之遥的员工宿舍已是人去楼空,带刺铁丝网封住了入口。

6. half-submerged:表示一半淹没在水中,一半浸在水里。比如dailymail在报道此次洪灾时有这么一句话:

Aerial footage and images released by Xinhua News show rows of half-submerged buildings and flooded streets in some of the worst-hit areas including southeastern Jiangxi province and neighbouring Hunan.

▲图片来源于网络

Aerial footage and images released by ... show可以当作一个固定句型来记,表示“……发布的航拍图像显示”,其中aerial表示“空中的,由飞机进行的”;

如果是对……进行航拍,介词是of,可以说Aerial footage and images of或An aerial shot/view of ...

其中,Footage是航拍图像、航拍镜头,是不可数名词,这个在CATTI二笔真题中考过:

New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaiis Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days.

而shot和view是可数名词,所以加a,比如dailymail报道:

有一个专业术语“无人机”英文就是unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)。

02

第二句:A wooden boardwalk leading out to a fishing pier remained only just above the murky water.

一条通往渔港码头的木栈道稍稍露出浑浊的水面。

1. 句子结构分析:句子主干是A wooden boardwalk remained only just above the murky water;leading out to a fishing pier是现在分词作boardwalk的后置定语。

2. boardwalk:木栈道,尤指海边或岸边的。

3. 固定表达:lead out to是一个固定表达,意思是“通向;通往”,也可以写为leading to,“通往……的道路”英文可以说roads leading to ...如voa例句:

Roads leading to many smaller towns are blocked or bridges are unsafe.

一些通往小乡镇的路不是道路断绝就是桥梁太过危险。

还可以写为a road out to ...,比如ted上的这句话:

If you build a wide road out to the outskirts of town people will move there.

如果我们能修一条宽阔的路通往郊区,就会有居民迁移到那里。

4. fishing pier:渔港码头。pier这个词可以表示“(突入湖、河、海中的)码头”。A wooden boardwalk leading out to a fishing pier指的就是一条通往渔港码头的木栈道,大概就像图下这样:

▲图片来源于网络

5. only just:表示“勉强;刚刚;仅仅”,only just above意思是“仅高于;勉强高过”,也可以写为just above。它也可以表示数量、水平、程度上的高于、超过,举个经济学人上的例子:

6. the murky water:浑水,浑浊的水。murky的本意是“浑浊的”。这个词可以引申为“不透明的;不光明正大的”,如经济学人例句:

They can even be sure how much municipalities are spending because local finances have become so murky.

他们甚至还不能确定地方政府的收支状况,因为地方财政很不透明。

形容sth“前途未卜,看不到未来,前途一片昏暗”也可以用murky表示,比如“这种模式看不到前途”就可以说this business model has a murky future.

03

小测试:

footage是什么意思?

a spit of land是什么意思?

stood是什么意思?

cluster是什么意思?

leading out to是什么意思?

only just above是什么意思?

murky是什么意思?

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