一、动词的时态
1. 时态构成表(以动词do为例)
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
do / does
did
will / shall do
would do
进行
is / am / are
doing
was / were doing
will / shall be doing
would be doing
完成
have / has
done
had done
will / shall have done
would have done
完成
进行
have / has
been doing
had been doing
will / shall have
been doing
would have been doing
2. 几组易混淆时态对比
(1) 过去进行时和一般过去时
这两个时态的基本差别是，过去进行时表示在过去某一个时间段或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示过去经常或偶然发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：
Tom was doing his homework at this time yesterday.
Tom did his homeworkyesterday.
(2) 现在完成时和一般过去时
这两个时态都有关已发生的事，主要差别是，现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系，或是对现在有影响，或表示从过去某个时间开始、到现在这一段时间里发生的事；而一般过去时单纯谈过去的事，与现在没有很大联系。例如：
I have just had my lunch.
I had my lunch in a cafeteria.
(3) 现在完成时和现在完成进行时
a. 这两个时态的主要差别是，现在完成时表示动作已完成，而现在完成进行时表示的动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续进行下去。
b. 许多静态动词常用于现在完成时。例如：
I’ve known that for a long time.
c. 强调时间长度时用现在完成进行时较好。例如：
All the time Lucy has been sitting there in silence.
二、动词的语态
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。常见的被动语态构成如下(以动词do为例)：
一般现在时
is / am / are done
一般将来时
will / shall be done
一般过去时
was / were done
现在进行时
is / am / are being done
过去进行时
was / were being done
现在完成时
have / has been done
过去完成时
had been done
过去将来时
would be done
情态动词
情态动词 + be done
三、解题思路分析
1. 分析背景，把握时间。
动词时态题往往具有很强的交际性，有些时态题题干中有明确的时间状语，这时我们可根据题干中的时间状语去确定所需要的时态；有些时态题题干中没有明确的时间状语，这时我们就需要通过分析背景去把握题目中所陈述的内容发生的时间。例如：
Henry played football regularly when he was young.
2. 把握语境，排除定势思维干扰。
在做动词时态题时，很多同学习惯于凭汉语思维或平时形成的固有思维习惯去做题，这样很容易在高考中失误，因为很多高考时态题似乎是专门为这些定势思维设下“陷阱”。因此做题时把握语境非常关键。
— Have you read the book called Waiting for Anya?
— Who wrote it?
3. 看主语与谓语之间是被动关系还是主动关系，确定使用主动语态还是被动语态。
The End
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