【导语】定语从句在复合句中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也修饰一个句子,被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。引导定语从句,并在句中充当某一成分的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。正确选用先行词是学习定语从句的关键。以下内容由整理发布,欢迎阅读参考!更多相关讯息请关注!
This is the place where(in which)he was born.
这句话中, where he was born是从句,the place是先行词,定语从句修饰先行词the place,“这是他出生的地方”。where是关系副词,在定语从句中做地点状语。因为从句缺少状语,所以由where充当,相当于 he was born in the place.
如果where是地点状语,when和why则分别作时间状语和原因状语。
Which在从句中作主语或宾语,指物,常可与that替换使用,作宾语时也可以省略。which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,选择先行词与which之间的适当介词,如:
This is the pen which I bought. (which做bought的宾语)
The package (which/that)you had sent is about to be unwrapped. (whcih/that 作sent的宾语 )
关系词可以用介词+which 来替换:
when:in/at/on+which
where:at/in/on/by/near/beside/next to/to /from ...等介词+which why:for+which
定语从句中 where、why、when与which的用法
1
先行词表地点:
先行词表示地点时,如果定语从句中谓语动词是不及物动词,用关系副词where或介词+which;where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。如果是及物动词,用which或that都可以。例如:
(1)This is the small village where(=in which)he ever lived.这是他曾经住过的小村庄。(2)Beijing is the place where(=in which)I was born.北京是我出生的地方。(3)The brige where(on which)this photo was taken has been rebuilt.这照片上的那座桥已经重建了。
2
先行词表原因:
表示原因时,如果why前的先行词是表示原因的名词reason,可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。
(1)Can you tell me the reason why(=for which)you hasn’t finished your homework?你能告诉我你还没完成作业的原因吗?(2)The reason why(=for which)he refused the invitation hasn’t been clear.他拒绝邀请的原因还不清楚。(3)I don’t know the reason why(=for which)he looks unhappy today.我不清楚他今天不开心的原因。
3
先行词表时间:
when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语,等于on/in/during which,如:(1)There comes a time when(at which)you have to make a decision. 你必须作出决定的时候到了。(2)It was raining on the day when(on which)they arrived. 他们到达那天正好下雨。
4
先行词表时间:
同样的先行词,由于在从句中充当的成分不同,选用的关系词也不同。如:
(1)This is the place where he spent his childhood.(关系词在从句中作状语)
这是他度过童年的地方。
(2)This is the place which he visited last summer.(关系词在从句中作宾语)
这是他去年参观过的地方。
(3)The reason why she did that was unacceptable.(关系词在从句中作状语)
她做那件事的理由是不可接受的。
(4)The reason which she gave was unacceptable. (关系词在从句中作宾语)
她提出的理由是不可接受的。
(5)This is the museum which we visited last year。(关系词在从句中作宾语)
这是我们去年参观过的博物馆。