一、名词的种类:
1、专有名词
1) China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不加冠词)
2) the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。(由普通名词构成的专有名词,要加定冠词。)
2、普通名词
1) 不可数名词
注意:a) 不可数名词前一般不加冠词,尤不加不定冠词:若加a(an)则使之具体化了。 如:have a wonderful time.
b) 不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
c) 不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形式。如:fishes(各种各样的鱼), newspapers(各种报纸), waters(河湖、海水), snows(积雪)……
d) 有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具体的事物。如:times 时代,works 著作,difficulties 困难
e) 在表数量时,常用“of”词组来表示。如:a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper….
2)可数名词:
可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外,一般都要加冠词:A bird.
The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.
Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.
有复数形式:
a) 规则变化——加“s”或“es”(与初中同,略)
b) 不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen), phenomenon (phenomena)…
c) 单、复数同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一种鱼)如,a sheep, two sheep
d) 只用复数形式: thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes
e) 形复实单:physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料),means.
f) 形单实复:people (人民,人们),the police, cattle等
g) 集合名词如:family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时,为单数;当作为整体中的各个成员时,为复数。如: My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.
h) 复合名词变复数时:
i.只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如:sister(s)-in-law嫂子,弟妹;step-son (s)继子;editor(s)-in-chief总编辑
ii.如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如:grown-up(s)成年人,go-between(s)中间人
iii.woman, man作定语时,要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如:a man servant—men servants, a woman doctor—women doctors
二、名词的所有格:
1、表有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格,一般在名词后加“’s”。如:Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights…
注意:1) 名词复数的词尾是-s或-es,它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如:Teachers’ Day, the workers’ rest-home(工人疗养院),the students’ reading-room
2) 复合名词的所有格,在后面的词后加“’s”。如:her son-in-law’s photo(她女婿的照片);anybody else’s book(其他任何人的书)
3) 如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有,则在最后的一个名词后面加“’s”; 如果不是共有,则每个词后都要加“’s”。如:Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有). Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的 收音机(不共有)
4) 表地点(店铺,某人的家等)的名词所有格后面,一般省去它所修饰的名词。如:the tailor’s (裁缝铺), the doctor’s (诊所), Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)
5) 有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词,也可加“’s”表所有格。如:half an hour’s walk (半小时的路程), China’s agriculture (中国的农业)
2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组,表示所有格。如:the cover of the book
3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of,特别是名词较长,有较多的定语时。如:the story of Dr Norman Bethune,Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?
4、“of词组+所有格”的用法:
在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词(如:a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等)时,常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如:
a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友。
some inventions of Edison’s 爱迪生的一些发明
those exercise-books of the students’ 学生们的那些练习本
【专项训练】
1、There are only twelve ______ in the hospital.
A.woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor
2、Mr Smith has two ______ , both of whom are teachers in a school.
A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law
3、—How many ______ does a cow have? —Four.
A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies
4、Some ______ visited our school last Wednesday.
A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens
5、The ______ of the building are covered with lots of ______ .
A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs
6、When the farmer returned home he found three ______ missing.
A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies
7、That was a fifty ______ engine.
A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers
8、My father often gives me ______ .
A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice
9、Mary broke a ______ while she was washing up.
A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup tea
10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?
A.informations B.information C.piece of informations D.pieces information
(后设答案,大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)
KEYS1.B2.A3.C stomach(胃)虽是"ch"结尾,但其发音为[k],所以加"s",不用加"es"4.C5.A roof, chief, gulf, belief等词的复数形式,直接加"s"。6.C7.A 名词作定语一般不用复数8.B9.A 根据句意,打破的应是杯子,而不是茶;名词作定语表类别不用加""s"10.B