非谓语动词属于英语语法的三座大山之一,无论在考试中还是平时的英语阅读中所起的作用都举足轻重。但是,对于这么重要的语法内容,很多同学们却怎么学都学不透,要么完全不懂、做题时全靠“感觉”;要么一知半解,能跳过则跳过。其实,只要方法正确,遇到有关非谓语动词的题目时就会迎刃而解,在平时的英语阅读中再也不需要绕道而行了!
一. 非谓语动词的含义
非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
二. 非谓语动词的形式
非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下:
1. 不定式
2. 动名词
3. 现在分词
4. 过去分词:done
三. 非谓语动词的作用
非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外,其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。
1. 不定式:做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
2. 动名词:做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。
3. 现在分词:做表语、定语、状语和补语。
4. 过去分词:做表语、定语、状语和补语。
四. 非谓语动词重、疑、难点
1. 须用省去to 的不定式(do)作宾补的11个动词。
2.只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词
3. 只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词
4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词,但含义完全不同的8个动词
5. 所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语,如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done。
五. 非谓语动词的解题步骤
1. 判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语,以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。
2. 判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。
100道非谓语动词题及答案
( )1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock.
A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
( )2. Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree?
A. lay
B. lain
C. laying
D. lying
( )3. You’d better ______ your bike _____ at once. It is Monday tomorrow, you know.
A. to have, mend
B. have, mended
C. have, to mend
D. to have, mended
( )4. --- Look! The lights in the classroom are still on.
--- Oh, I forgot _______.
A. turning them off
B. turn them off
C. to turn them off
D. having turned them off
( )5. “Can’t you read?” the officer said _______ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. point angrily
( )6. The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
( )7. The policeman warned the young man _______ after drinking.
A. never to drive
B. to never drive
C. never driving
D. never drive
( )8. --- What’s the language _______ in New Zealand?
--- English.
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
( )9. He didn’t feel like _______ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold.
A. to go
B. goes
C. gone
D. going
( )10. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
( )11. The house is not big enough for us all _______.
A. to live in
B. to be lived in
C. to live
D. for living in
( )12. A clock is made for _______ us the time.
A. tell
B. telling
C. to tell
D. tells
( )13. You’d better _______ at home all the time. It’s bad for your health.
A. don’t stay
B. no to stay
C. not stay
D. not staying
( )14. The students are busy _______ ready for the exam now.
A. getting
B. get
C. got
D. to get
( )15. The mother asked the boy _______ down the ladder, but he went on _______ instead.
A. come; climbing
B. to come; to climb
C. to come; climbing
D. coming; climbing
( )16. Is there any time _______ to the museum?
A. going
B. to go
C. goes
D. gone
( )17. The teacher asked the students to close the windows _______ the wind from _______ the papers away.
A. to stop; blowing
B. stopping; blowing
C. to stop; blow
D. stopped; blow
( )18. A bird was seen _______ into the classroom yesterday.
A. flew
B. to fly
C. fly
D. was flying
( )19. We should do as much as we can _______ water.
A. for saving
B. to save
C. save
D. saved
( )20. There are many people _______ to buy cars in the modern world.
A. want
B. wanted
C. wanting
D. to want
( )21. --- I’m too busy _______ to my family.
--- Why not call them instead?
A. writing
B. to write
C. written
D. write
( )22. The little boy woke up his father, _______ “Happy Birthday!”
A. call
B. to call
C. called
D. calling
( )23. The car ______in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.
A. produced
B. producing
C. to produce
D. which produced
( )24. --- What are on show in the museum?
--- Some pictures _______ by the Africans.
A. drawing
B. drawn
C. drew
D. were drawn
( )25. The sick man stayed in bed, _______ very terrible.
A. felt
B. feeling
C. is feeling
D. was feeling
( )26. --- The boy was seen _______ his bike a moment ago.
--- I am sorry to hear that.
A. fell off
B. to fall off
C. fall off
D. to fall down
( )27. There’re so many beautiful presents in the shop that I don’t know _______.
A. to choose which one
B. what choose
C. which one to choose
D. to choose what
( )28. --- How bad! They still have no ideas how _______ the problem.
--- Let’s go to help them.
A. solving
B. solved
C. to solve
D. solves
( )29. What is the best way do you think __ the wild animals?
A. protecting
B. to protecting
C. protected
D. to protect
( )30. --- You’d better have your sports jacket _____. It’s too dirty.
--- Thanks. I will.
A. to wash
B. washed
C. washing
D. wash
( )31. --- The little boy was made _______ English for another hour.
--- Poor boy!
A. read
B. reading
C. reads
D. to read
( )32. I think it kind _______.
A. of him to help me
B. for him to help
C. that he help me
D. of him helping me
( )33. It’s too hot today. Why not _______ your coat?
A. take on
B. to take off
C. take off
D. taking off
( )34. Boys, don’t forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom.
A. closing
B. closed
C. to closing
D. to close
( )35. He made it _______ for people ______ the computers by inventing new software.
A. easy, use
B. easy, using
C. easily, to use
D. easier, to use
( )36. All of the plans are very good. I really don’t know _______.
A. which to talk
B. which to talk about
C. to talk about which
D. I asked you for help
( )37. Would you please _______ any noise? The baby has just fallen asleep.
A. make
B. to make
C. not to make
D. not make
( )38. --- Would you please try _______ late again?
--- Sorry, I won’t be late again.
A. not to be
B. to be not
C. not be
D. be
( )39. The words _______ with “L” aren’t easily forgotten.
A. starting
B. started
C. to start
D. whose starting
( )40. Have you got anything _______?
A. to open the box
B. opening the box with
C. opening the box
D. to open the box with
( )41. We must try our best to stop the pollution _______ a happier life.
A. from living
B. to live
C. living
D. live
( )42. --- Hello, what are you reading?
--- A book _______ by Bill Gates.
A. writing
B. written
C. to write
D. which written
( )43. --- What do you come here for?
--- _______.
A. Borrow a CD
B. To borrow a CD
C. Borrowing a CD
D. Borrowed a CD
( )44. Yesterday I heard a story _______ by my friend.
A. told
B. telling
C. to tell
D. tell
( )45. We can’t help crying after _______ the sad news.
A. hear
B. heard
C. hearing
D. to hear
( )46. --- Would you mind _______ for a few minutes?
--- No, not at all.
A. wait
B. to wait
C. waited
D. waiting
( )47. Have you read this book? It’s worth _______.
A. to read
B. read
C. reading
D. to be read
( )48. Mr Wang would like me _______ my classmates a talk.
A. to give
B. giving
C. gives
D. give
( )49. I find _______ him all about it.
A. necessary to tell
B. that necessary to
C. necessary it to tell
D. it necessary to tell
( )50. It’s very nice _______ you to _______ me about it.
A. for; tell
B. of; say
C. to; speak
D. of; tell
( )51. The son wants his mother _______ him up at six o’clock every day.
A. to ring
B. ring
C. rings
D. ringing
( )52. --- I often use Hotmail to send e-mails.
--- Really? Would you please show me _______ it?
A. how can I use
B. what can I use
C. how to use
D. what to use
( )53. Tell the boy _______ out of the window.
A. not to look
B. to not look
C. don’t look
D. not look
( )54. Did you hear her _______ in the next room just now?
A. singing
B. sing
C. to sing
D. sang
( )55. How long does it take you _______ your homework every evening?
A. finish doing
B. finishing to do
C. to finish doing
D. finish to do
( )56. Have you decided _______ ?
A. to go with whom
B. whom to go with
C. whom go with
D. with who to go
( )57. Remember ______ the lights when you leave the office.
A. to turn off
B. turning off
C. turn off
D. to turning off
( )58. Her hope _______ the Olympic Games.
A. to take part in
B. is to take part in
C. taking part in
D. will take part in
( )59. The room isn’t big enough _______ so many people.
A. holding
B. hold
C. to hold
D. holds
( )60. You’d better not spend more time _______ computer games.
A. for playing
B. in playing
C. to play
D. plays
( )61. The boy was made _______ there for an hour by his father.
A. standing
B. stand
C. to stand
D. stands
( )62. I must have my TV set ______. Something is wrong with it.
A. to repair
B. repairs
C. repaired
D. repairing
( )63. Would you please pass me the knife _______?
A. to cut the fruit with
B. to cut the fruit
C. cutting the fruit
D. cutting the fruit with
( )64. It is better to teach a man fishing than ______ him fish.
A. giving
B. to give
C. gives
D. give
( )65. My sister is interested in _______ in her free time.
A. watch TV
B. reading books
C. listening music
D. plays basketball
( )66. I have caught a cold and I don’t feel like _______ anything.
A. to eat
B. eating
C. ate
D. eats
( )67. --- Mother is good at _______ cakes.
--- So she is.
A. to make
B. making
C. make
D. makes
( )68. I saw him _______ into the small store.
A. went
B. going
C. to go
D. has gone
( )69. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room ______ him clearly.
A. hear
B. to hear
C. hearing
D. heard
( )70. I didn’t go to the park yesterday because my mother asked me _______ my sister at home.
A. to look at
B. to look for
C. to look after
D. look like
71. Sometimes we find her _______ (drive) the tractor on the farm.
72. Li Lei is asking his uncle, an English teacher, _______(help) him think of a foreign name.
73. --- Hi! Li Hong. I didn’t see you at the party.
--- Oh, I was busy _______(get) ready for the coming exams.
74. The old men enjoy _______(listen) to the singing of the birds in the park.
75. The girl _______(stand) under the tree is my cousin Kate.
76. Books _______ (write) in easy English are very popular among Chinese middle school students.
77. Why did you keep your brother _______ (wait) for a long time that evening?
78. I found the door _______(close) when I got home.
79. When they met again, they were too excited _______(say) a word.
80. Through the window, I saw some boys _______(play) basketball.
81. He didn’t finish _______(write) the book until last week.
82. --- How long did it take you _______(do) your homework yesterday?
--- About half an hour.
83. Let me _______(help) you _______(water) the flowers.
84. My watch doesn’t work. It needs _______(repair).
85. _______(take) good care of the vegetables, and they will grow better.
86. How much time did you spend _______ (watch) TV last night?
87. I prefer _______(read) books at home rather than _______(go) shopping on Sundays.
88. It’s going ______(rain); you’d better ______(take) an umbrella with you.
89. I often hear people _______(say) “_______(see) is _______(believe)”.
90. Though he often made his deskmate ______(cry), today he was made _______(cry) by his deskmate.
91. _______ (repair) my TV set cost me 100 yuan.
92. There are a number of students waiting to get _______(examine).
93. It’s too cold. Let’s make a fire _______ (warm) ourselves up.
94. You don’t need _______ (worry) about your friend. He is safe at home.
95. We haven’t yet decided whether _______ (get) there by bus or by bike.
96. Would you please _______(make) a little more room for the old woman?
97. Excuse me for _______(come) in without being asked.
98. Little Sandy would love _______(take) to the cinema this evening.
99. Mr Black gave up ______(smoke) only a few years ago. He looks very healthy now.
100. I’m hungry. Get me something _______ (eat).
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