主谓一致是指:
1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
例如:There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
1并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
例如:Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
例如:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ____ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A.isB.wasC.areD. were
答案B。
解析:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A和C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好像是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。xk.w
2主谓一致中的靠近原则
1)当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
例如:
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。
2)当either… or…与neither… nor连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
例如:
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。
3谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。
例如:
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
教师和一些学生在参观工厂。
He as well as I wants to go boating.
他和我想去划船。
4谓语需用单数
1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时,谓语需用单数。
例如:
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。
2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。
例如:
The Arabian Nightis a book known to lovers of English.
《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
3)表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。
例如:
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
允许用三个星期来做准备。
Ten yuan is enough. 10元够了。
5指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
例如:
All is right. 一切顺利。
All are present. 人都到齐了。
2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。
例如:
His family isn"t very large. 他家成员不多。
His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
例如:
Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗?
3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。
例如:
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.很多书被借出去了。
The majority of the students like English.绝大多数学生都喜欢英语。
6与后接名词或代词保持一致
1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词或代词保持一致。
例如:
Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱花在书上了。
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.x/kw
大部分学生积极参加体育运动。
2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of等引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:
A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。
A pile of logs was set beside the hearth. 炉边放了一堆木柴。
3)如many a或more than one所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
例如:
Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.
百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。